Hepatic Pt 1 Flashcards
Major causes of hepatocyte injury
Hepatitis
Drug induced hepatitis
Hepatotoxins (ingested)
What can cause drug induced hepatitis?
Cholesterol-lowering drugs
Statins such as lipitor
Examples of hepatotoxins discussed in class
Alcohol
Acetaminophen and aspirin
Large doses of vitamin A and niacin
Areas that the liver and gall bladder refer to
Mid-back
Scapular region
Right shoulder
Areas of musculoskeletal conditions the liver and gall bladder mimics
Thoracic spine
Ribs
Shoulders
The liver has afferent nociceptors belonging to what nerves?
Vagus and splanchnic nerves
Where are the livers afferent nociceptors located?
At the superior ligament of the liver and superior portion of the liver capsule
The gallbladder receives bilateral innervation from what nerves?
The celiac plexus
Vagus nerve
Right phrenic nerve
Where does the right phrenic nerve refer pain to? (gallbladder)
Right shoulder pain
Where does splanchnic and celiac nerves refer pain to?
Intercostal and interscapular region
What kind of skin and integument changes occur due to hepatic and biliary diseases?
Jaundice of eyes and skin
Hyperestrogenism
What conditions arise from hyperestrogenism?
Spider angiomas
Palmar erythema
Nails of terry
Neurological signs and symptoms of hepatic and biliary diseases
Confusion Sleep disturbances Tremors (asterixis) Hyperactive reflexes Peripheral neuropathies (ex. bilateral carpal or tarsal tunnel)
Why do peripheral neuropathies present during hepatic and biliary diseases?
Due to the inability to break down ammonia
Fluid disorders that can occur due to hepatic and biliary diseases
Low albumin Ascites Edema Oliguria Elevated lymph flow (swollen lymph nodes)
