Scoliosis Flashcards
of people affected by scoliosis in US
5-7 million
MC age range that scoliosis develops and gender
10-15; girls
if a curve is > ____ degrees, it is considered SCOLIOSIS
> 10 degrees
more than ____ % of scoliosis cases are idiopathic
80%
type of scoliosis caused by some postural problem, muscle spasm, or leg-length inequality, which can often be addressed
functional scoliosis
type of scoliosis with bony distortion, does NOT reduce postural maneuvers
structural scoliosis
(3) secondary causes of scoliosis
inherited CT disorders
neurologic disorders
musculoskeletal disorders
Ehler’s Danlos syndrome
Marfan syndrome
Homocystinuria
inherited CT disorders (secondary cause of scoliosis)
Tethered cord syndrome, Syringomyelia, Spinal tumor, Neurofibromatosis, Muscular dystrophy, Cerebral palsy, Polio, Friedeich’s ataxia, Familial dysautonomia, Werdnig-Hoffman disease
neurologic disorders (secondary cause of scoliosis)
Leg length discrepancy, Developmental hip dysplasia, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Klippel-Feil syndrome
musculoskeletal disorders (secondary cause of scoliosis)
if a curve is
a postural change
(5) symptoms of scoliosis
pain decrease activity decrease lung fxn decrease heart fxn decrease self-esteem
___ % of scoliosis cases w/ curves greater than ____ are not detectable to the human eye
80%
ratio of idiopathic scoliosis cases with curve > 30 degrees in girls: boys
10:1
young girls who have scoliosis > ____ degrees, but who have not yet had their menstrual period are at ________
25 degrees
highest risk
curves in untreated adolescents with curves ____ degrees at time of BONY MATURATION are UNLIKELY to progress
less than 30 degrees
curves > _____ degrees at maturity will progress at ___ degree/year
50 degrees
1 degree
up to 19% of females with curves > 40 degrees have significant ______ illness
psychological
life-threatening effects on pulmonary fxn do not occur until curve is at _____ degrees
100
(3) treatment options
careful observation
bracing
surgery
MC treatment for scoliosis
careful observation
treatment for kids who have not reached skeletal maturity (the time when the skeleton stops growing), and who have curves between 25 - 45 degrees
bracing
treatment used in the few cases where the curves are > 45 degrees and progressive OR when the scoliosis may affect the function of the heart, lungs, or other vital organs
surgery
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons recommends screening girls at _____ and screening boys at
11 AND 13= girls
13 OR 14= boys
American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screenings at ______
10, 12, 14 and 16 y.o.
test when patient is asked to lean forward with his or her feet together and bend 90 degrees at the waist. The examiner can then easily view from this angle any asymmetry of the trunk or any abnormal spinal curvature
adam’s forward bent test
shoulders diff heights head not centered above pelvis appearance of raised hip rib cage at diff heights uneven waist changes in look over spine leaning entire body to one side
screening hints for scoliosis
choose most tilted vertebrae above and below apex of curve and draw angle btwn TOP of SUPERIOR vertebrae and BOTTOM of INFERIOR vertebrae
Cobb angle
curve from ___ to ___ degrees w/ riser grade 0-4 and should be referred for ____ and treatment is _____
29 to 40
x-ray
brace
curve greater than ____ degrees is considered riser grade 0-4 and should be referred for ____ and treatment is _____
40
x-ray
surgery
MC brace treatment for scoliosis
boston brace
braces have ____ % success rate for scoliosis, does NOT correct scoliosis, but may _______
74%
prevent serious progression
length of wearing brace ______ with outcome; at least _____ hours/day leads to best chance of preventing curve progression
correlates
16 hours/day
curves in growing kids > ____ degrees requires a ______, while skeletal mature patients can be observed until their curve reaches _____ degrees
40 degrees
spinal fusion
50 degrees
LT consequences of spinal fusion
back pain
out of hospital in 4-5 days/ back to school in 2 weeks
ok to play sports
avoid contact sports
