Scoliosis

Question 1

of people affected by scoliosis in US

Answer 1

5-7 million

Question 2

MC age range that scoliosis develops and gender

Answer 2

10-15; girls

Question 3

if a curve is > ____ degrees, it is considered SCOLIOSIS

Answer 3

> 10 degrees

Question 4

more than ____ % of scoliosis cases are idiopathic

Answer 4

80%

Question 5

type of scoliosis caused by some postural problem, muscle spasm, or leg-length inequality, which can often be addressed

Answer 5

functional scoliosis

Question 6

type of scoliosis with bony distortion, does NOT reduce postural maneuvers

Answer 6

structural scoliosis

Question 7

(3) secondary causes of scoliosis

Answer 7

inherited CT disorders
neurologic disorders
musculoskeletal disorders

Question 8

Ehler’s Danlos syndrome
Marfan syndrome
Homocystinuria

Answer 8

inherited CT disorders (secondary cause of scoliosis)

Question 9

Tethered cord syndrome, Syringomyelia, Spinal tumor, Neurofibromatosis, Muscular dystrophy, Cerebral palsy, Polio, Friedeich’s ataxia, Familial dysautonomia, Werdnig-Hoffman disease

Answer 9

neurologic disorders (secondary cause of scoliosis)

Question 10

Leg length discrepancy, Developmental hip dysplasia, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Klippel-Feil syndrome

Answer 10

musculoskeletal disorders (secondary cause of scoliosis)

Question 11

if a curve is

Answer 11

a postural change

Question 12

(5) symptoms of scoliosis

Answer 12

pain
decrease activity
decrease lung fxn
decrease heart fxn
decrease self-esteem

Question 13

___ % of scoliosis cases w/ curves greater than ____ are not detectable to the human eye

Answer 13

80%

Question 14

ratio of idiopathic scoliosis cases with curve > 30 degrees in girls: boys

Answer 14

10:1

Question 15

young girls who have scoliosis > ____ degrees, but who have not yet had their menstrual period are at ________

Answer 15

25 degrees

highest risk

Question 16

curves in untreated adolescents with curves ____ degrees at time of BONY MATURATION are UNLIKELY to progress

Answer 16

less than 30 degrees

Question 17

curves > _____ degrees at maturity will progress at ___ degree/year

Answer 17

50 degrees

1 degree

Question 18

up to 19% of females with curves > 40 degrees have significant ______ illness

Answer 18

psychological

Question 19

life-threatening effects on pulmonary fxn do not occur until curve is at _____ degrees

Answer 19

100

Question 20

(3) treatment options

Answer 20

careful observation
bracing
surgery

Question 21

MC treatment for scoliosis

Answer 21

careful observation

Question 22

treatment for kids who have not reached skeletal maturity (the time when the skeleton stops growing), and who have curves between 25 - 45 degrees

Answer 22

bracing

Question 23

treatment used in the few cases where the curves are > 45 degrees and progressive OR when the scoliosis may affect the function of the heart, lungs, or other vital organs

Answer 23

surgery

Question 24

American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons recommends screening girls at _____ and screening boys at

Answer 24

11 AND 13= girls

13 OR 14= boys

Question 25

American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screenings at ______

Answer 25

10, 12, 14 and 16 y.o.

Question 26

test when patient is asked to lean forward with his or her feet together and bend 90 degrees at the waist. The examiner can then easily view from this angle any asymmetry of the trunk or any abnormal spinal curvature

Answer 26

adam's forward bent test

Question 27

``` shoulders diff heights head not centered above pelvis appearance of raised hip rib cage at diff heights uneven waist changes in look over spine leaning entire body to one side ```

Answer 27

screening hints for scoliosis

Question 28

choose most tilted vertebrae above and below apex of curve and draw angle btwn TOP of SUPERIOR vertebrae and BOTTOM of INFERIOR vertebrae

Answer 28

Cobb angle

Question 29

curve from ___ to ___ degrees w/ riser grade 0-4 and should be referred for ____ and treatment is _____

Answer 29

29 to 40 x-ray brace

Question 30

curve greater than ____ degrees is considered riser grade 0-4 and should be referred for ____ and treatment is _____

Answer 30

40 x-ray surgery

Question 31

MC brace treatment for scoliosis

Answer 31

boston brace

Question 32

braces have ____ % success rate for scoliosis, does NOT correct scoliosis, but may _______

Answer 32

74% | prevent serious progression

Question 33

length of wearing brace ______ with outcome; at least _____ hours/day leads to best chance of preventing curve progression

Answer 33

correlates | 16 hours/day

Question 34

curves in growing kids > ____ degrees requires a ______, while skeletal mature patients can be observed until their curve reaches _____ degrees

Answer 34

40 degrees spinal fusion 50 degrees

Question 35

LT consequences of spinal fusion

Answer 35

back pain out of hospital in 4-5 days/ back to school in 2 weeks ok to play sports avoid contact sports