Gait Flashcards
functional task requiring complex interactions and coordination among most of the major joints of the body, particularly of lower extremity
gait
the manner or style of walking
gait
evaluation of the manner or style of walking
gait analysis
combination of several successively arranged joints constituting a complex motor unit
kinetic chain
kinetic chain in which the terminal segment can move freely
open chain movement
kinetic chain in which the distal end of the extremity is fixed
closed chain movement
force exerted by the group on a body in contact with it
ground reactive forces
during gait, hip joint motion is _____ ; including ___, ___ & _____
triaxial
flex-ext
add-abd
int-ext rotation
_____ movements have the largest range of the HIP during gait
flex/ext
during gait, knee joint motion is ______; including ___,____ & ______
triaxial
flex/ext
int/ext rotation
add/abd aka vargus/valgus
primary motion at the knee during gait is _____ & ______ motion is MOST LIMITED
flextion/extension
vargus/valgus
term describing angulation of limb at a joint
varus-valgus
distal part is AWAY from midline
valgus
distal part is TOWARD midline
varus
ankle motion is restricted by constraints of ______ joint, which permits only ___ & ____
talocrural joint
plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
biomechanically, what do we do in order to take the first step
initiate a fall
lift foot - reduce BOS, feedforward control propels COG outside BOS
moment at which the heel strikes the ground
heel strike/heel contact
the moment at which the toes leaves the ground (and is no longer incorporated in the BOS)
toe off
the movement of ONE lower extremity from toe off to heel contact
step
two STEPS (one) with each leg = 1 stride is called ____ or ______
stride
gait cycle
distance from the toe of the trailing limb of heel of the leading limb
step length
distance between two successive placements of the same foot; consists of 2 step lengths (left and right) each of which is the distance by which the named foot moves forward in front of the other
stride length
the portion of one gait cycle in which both feet are in contact with the ground
double support
distinguishes walking from running; period of non-support, where neither foot is in contact w/ ground
flight/float
number of steps per minute (divide by 2 to get strides per minute)
cadence
normal cadence for most people is ____ steps/minute; or about ___ stride per second
120 steps/minute
1 stride/second
(cadence x stride length) / 120
speed
men’s info:
cadence is _____ steps/min
speed = _____ m/s
stride length = ____
110-115 steps/min
- 3-1.6 m/s
- 4-1.6 m
women’s info:
cadence is _____ steps/min
speed = _____ m/s
stride length = ____
115-120 steps/min
- 2-1.5 m/s
- 3-1.5 m
fundamental component of human locomotion
gait cycle
one complete gait cycle consists of anatomical interactions occurring from the moment the foot first ______ until ___ foot makes _______ with next step
contacts the ground
same foot
ground contact
bipedal gait cycle consists of ____ phases for each limb – ____ & ____
2
stance
swing
phase of bipedal gait when LE is contacting ground
stance
phase of bipedal gait when LE swinging through air preparing for next impact
swing
while walking, typical gait cycle lasts _____; stance phase is about ___ % and swing phase is ____ %
1 sec
60%
40%
during ____ phase, distal end of kinetic chain is FIXED by ground reactive forces, so this is ______ motion
stance phase
closed chain motion
(3) sub phases of stance phase
contact
midstance
propulsive
during ___ phase, distal end of kinetic chain is FREELY mobile, so it is a ______ motion
swing
open chaing
more than _____ cycles are performed daily
5,000
2 periods of DOUBLE limb support (initial and terminal), when the CONTRALATERAL foot is in contact w/ ground
intermediate period of single limb support, when CONTRALATERAL limb is in swing phase
limb support during stance
absorbing the shock; first 27% of stance phase
begins at touchdown (heel strike), ends when entire forefoot makes ground contact (foot flat)
contact
store energy absorbed in contact to return it in the propulsive phase, 27-67% stance
*period when COG is “vaulting” over foot
midstance
utilize energy to move up & forward
final 33% of stance
begins moment heel leaves ground (heel lift); ends when tip of phalanges no longer make ground contact
propulsive
stance phase in ____: increase speed and need for more forceful propulsive periods changes the timing of events
running
running info:
contact = ___%
midstance = ___%
propulsive = ___%
0-20%
20-45%
55%
(3) components of swing phase in running
acceleration
midswing
deceleration
gait involves the _______ of body weight in a desired direction utilizing a ______ effort btwn the joints of trunk and _______ and the ____ that control or produce movements
displacement
coordinated
extremities
muscles
(5) priorities of gait
1 stability of weight bearing foot throughout stance period
2 clearance of non-weight bearing foot during swing period
3 appropriate pre-positiioning (during terminal swing) of the foot for next gait cycle
4 adequate step length
5 energy conservation
