Gait Evaluation Flashcards
- as the arm moves forward, the SHOULDER rotate w/ arms, so the shoulders and pelvis rotate _____ of phase with each other
- THORACIC spine moves in _____ direction as SHOULDERS and _____ direction as PELVIS
- LUMBAR spine tends to ____ with the PELVIS
* THETA Y
out of phase
same direction
opposite direction
rotate
the point of ROTATIONAL transition btwn pelvis and lumbars and thoracic are site of greatest rotation is btwn ___ & ___
T6 and T7
as the R leg moves through SWING phase, the position of R innominate _________ from one extreme ____ rotation at the point of PRE-SWING to a position of ______ rotation at point of initial contact; as the R extremity moves though the LOADING response to mid stance, the ilium on that side begins to cover from a _____ rotated position to a ______ rotated position
- from MID STANCE to TERMINAL stance, the ilium rotates ______, achieving maximum position at terminal stance
changes anterior posterior posterior neutral anteriorly
sacrum rotates _____ around a DIAGONAL axis during loading response, reaching it maximum position at ______
forward
mid-stance
for normal gait to occur, pelvis must BOTH ___ & ____
rotate and tilt
instead of pelvis being raised on SIDE OF LIFTED foot, it drops – opposite to weak gluteus medius
trendelenburg sign
hip motion occurs in ______ planes during gait cycle
knee _____ twice and ____ twice during gait cycle (once during weight-bearing and once during non weight-bearing)
three
flexes
extends
ankle joint motion during gait cycle occurs primarily in ____ plane (THETA ___)
sagittal
theta X
at initial contact w/ ground, ankle is ____, during loading response interval, ankle _____ which occurs at ____ joint, with PRONATION occurring at ______ joint
dorsiflexed
plantar flexes
talocrural joint
subtalar joint
at end of MID STANCE interval, _____ joint is maximally ________ aka ________ position and the ____ joint begins to SUPINATE
talocrural joint
dorsiflexed
close-packed position
subtalar
from the MID STANCE to TERMINAL stance, foot is in _____
supination
once ankle is fully close-packed, the ____ is lifted by a combo of ____ forces and contraction of _______& _______
heel
passive
gastroc, soleus
foot movement:
plantar flexion
adduction
inversion
supination
foot movement:
dorsiflexion
abduction
eversion
pronation
heel strike is initiated with ____ joint _____
subtalar joint PRONATION
from heel strike, mid stance, to the propulsive period, the forces moves across the _____ surface of the foot in a ____ pattern
plantar
typical
(3) parts of holding period during mid-stance all allows plantar fascia to maintain ______
subtalar joint position maintained
rearfoot pronated
forefoot inverted
medial arch
propulsive begins when _______ and ends when _____
heel leaves ground
toe-off
by supinating the SUBTLER going when the heel lift, the CUBOID and CALCANEUS LOCK ( _______ position) and the plantar fascia is pulled tight during _______ — these are crucial in creating ______ needed for AMBULATION
close pack position
windlass effect
rigid lever
dorsiflexion of toes during propulsion results in the approximation of the rearfoot and forefoot, which allows for increased arch height necessary for stability
windlass effect
ipsilateral muscles used during swing phase
semispinalis
rotators
multifidis
external oblique
contralateral muscles used during swing phase
erector spinae
interal oblique
initial swing phase muscles used
rectus femoris sartorius gracilis adductor longus TFL pectineus short head of biceps femoris
early to mid swing phase muscle
iliopsoas
terminal swing phase muscle
hamstrings
gluteus maximus
single most important factors in ABSORBING shock of impact during gait (2)
pronation of subtalar joint
eccentric muscle actions
tibialis ANTERIOR concentric action is ______ and eccentrically ________
concentric: dorsiflex and invert foot
eccentric: plantar flex after heel strike & pronation after heel strike
tibialis POSTERIOR concentric action is ______ and eccentrically ________
concentric: plantarflex and invert foot
eccentric: dorsiflexion and pronation during midstance
