Gait Evaluation

Question 1

• as the arm moves forward, the SHOULDER rotate w/ arms, so the shoulders and pelvis rotate _____ of phase with each other
• THORACIC spine moves in _____ direction as SHOULDERS and _____ direction as PELVIS
• LUMBAR spine tends to ____ with the PELVIS

* THETA Y

Answer 1

out of phase
same direction
opposite direction
rotate

Question 2

the point of ROTATIONAL transition btwn pelvis and lumbars and thoracic are site of greatest rotation is btwn ___ & ___

Answer 2

T6 and T7

Question 3

as the R leg moves through SWING phase, the position of R innominate _________ from one extreme ____ rotation at the point of PRE-SWING to a position of ______ rotation at point of initial contact; as the R extremity moves though the LOADING response to mid stance, the ilium on that side begins to cover from a _____ rotated position to a ______ rotated position
- from MID STANCE to TERMINAL stance, the ilium rotates ______, achieving maximum position at terminal stance

Answer 3

changes
anterior
posterior
posterior
neutral
anteriorly

Question 4

sacrum rotates _____ around a DIAGONAL axis during loading response, reaching it maximum position at ______

Answer 4

forward

mid-stance

Question 5

for normal gait to occur, pelvis must BOTH ___ & ____

Answer 5

rotate and tilt

Question 6

instead of pelvis being raised on SIDE OF LIFTED foot, it drops – opposite to weak gluteus medius

Answer 6

trendelenburg sign

Question 7

hip motion occurs in ______ planes during gait cycle

knee _____ twice and ____ twice during gait cycle (once during weight-bearing and once during non weight-bearing)

Answer 7

three
flexes
extends

Question 8

ankle joint motion during gait cycle occurs primarily in ____ plane (THETA ___)

Answer 8

sagittal

theta X

Question 9

at initial contact w/ ground, ankle is ____, during loading response interval, ankle _____ which occurs at ____ joint, with PRONATION occurring at ______ joint

Answer 9

dorsiflexed
plantar flexes
talocrural joint
subtalar joint

Question 10

at end of MID STANCE interval, _____ joint is maximally ________ aka ________ position and the ____ joint begins to SUPINATE

Answer 10

talocrural joint
dorsiflexed
close-packed position
subtalar

Question 11

from the MID STANCE to TERMINAL stance, foot is in _____

Answer 11

supination

Question 12

once ankle is fully close-packed, the ____ is lifted by a combo of ____ forces and contraction of _______& _______

Answer 12

heel
passive
gastroc, soleus

Question 13

foot movement:
plantar flexion
adduction
inversion

Answer 13

supination

Question 14

foot movement:
dorsiflexion
abduction
eversion

Answer 14

pronation

Question 15

heel strike is initiated with ____ joint _____

Answer 15

subtalar joint PRONATION

Question 16

from heel strike, mid stance, to the propulsive period, the forces moves across the _____ surface of the foot in a ____ pattern

Answer 16

plantar

typical

Question 17

(3) parts of holding period during mid-stance all allows plantar fascia to maintain ______

Answer 17

subtalar joint position maintained
rearfoot pronated
forefoot inverted
medial arch

Question 18

propulsive begins when _______ and ends when _____

Answer 18

heel leaves ground

toe-off

Question 19

by supinating the SUBTLER going when the heel lift, the CUBOID and CALCANEUS LOCK ( _______ position) and the plantar fascia is pulled tight during _______ — these are crucial in creating ______ needed for AMBULATION

Answer 19

close pack position
windlass effect
rigid lever

Question 20

dorsiflexion of toes during propulsion results in the approximation of the rearfoot and forefoot, which allows for increased arch height necessary for stability

Answer 20

windlass effect

Question 21

ipsilateral muscles used during swing phase

Answer 21

semispinalis
rotators
multifidis
external oblique

Question 22

contralateral muscles used during swing phase

Answer 22

erector spinae

interal oblique

Question 23

initial swing phase muscles used

Answer 23

rectus femoris
sartorius
gracilis
adductor longus
TFL
pectineus
short head of biceps femoris

Question 24

early to mid swing phase muscle

Answer 24

iliopsoas

Question 25

terminal swing phase muscle

Answer 25

hamstrings

gluteus maximus

Question 26

single most important factors in ABSORBING shock of impact during gait (2)

Answer 26

pronation of subtalar joint

eccentric muscle actions

Question 27

tibialis ANTERIOR concentric action is ______ and eccentrically ________

Answer 27

concentric: dorsiflex and invert foot
eccentric: plantar flex after heel strike & pronation after heel strike

Question 28

tibialis POSTERIOR concentric action is ______ and eccentrically ________

Answer 28

concentric: plantarflex and invert foot
eccentric: dorsiflexion and pronation during midstance