Biomechanics of Adjustment

Question 1

(4) ways subluxation is used by chiro’s

Answer 1

chiro theory
professional identity
clinical finding
clinical diagnosis

Question 2

explanatory mechanism for physical effects of chiropractic intervention

Answer 2

chiro theory

Question 3

the entire basis of and for chiropractic care

Answer 3

professional identity

Question 4

target for adjustive intervention

Answer 4

clinical finding

Question 5

a distinct clinical condition or syndrome

Answer 5

clinical diagnosis

Question 6

symptoms/dysfunctions are caused by:

Answer 6

pinched nerves

Question 7

a subluxation is a partial or incomplete separation, one in which the articulating surfaces remain in ________

Answer 7

partial contact

Question 8

Vertebral subluxations could _____ on the spinal nerve roots (NRs) as they exit through the IVF

Answer 8

impinge

Question 9

subluxations are postulated to _____ the flow of vital _____ and to induce lowered tissue resistance and potential disease in the segmentally innervated tissues

Answer 9

obstruct

vital nerve pulses

Question 10

The primary cause of all disease could be related to ________ and interruption of normal ____

Answer 10

subluxations

tone

Question 11

DD Palmer proposed that the “subluxation of a vertebrae is a slight deviation from its normal relation to ________,” and this is said to cause “an alteration and narrowing of ____________

Answer 11

adjacent vertebrae

intervertebral foramina

Question 12

The real, primary cause of disease is _____; the cause of tension is ______; the cause of pressure in 95% of diseased conditions is _____

Answer 12

tension
pressure
subluxated vertebrae

Question 13

theory of subluxation induced NR compression is that spinal subluxations were hypothesized to induce ______ COMPRESSION as a result of ________ anatomic compression of neural elements within the _____

Answer 13

NR compression
direct
IVF

Question 14

Resulting NR ______ was subsequently hypothesized to induce dysfunction of the ____ or _____ tissues they supplied

Answer 14

dysfunction
somatic
visceral

Question 15

in theory of subluxation induced NR compression, marked or prolonged compression was hypothesized to induce ___________

Answer 15

loss of function

Question 16

in theory of subluxation induced NR compression, more moderate compression was hypothesized to lead to _____ neural activity and increased ____, paresthesias, and ______ muscles

Answer 16

increased
pain
hypertonic

Question 17

joint subluxations alone are extremely unlikely to _____ spinal NRs at margins of IVF; there must be something in addition to sustained malposition

Answer 17

pinch

Question 18

“pinched nerve” notion is NOT considered _____ , but offered by MDs as definition of chiro subluxation

Answer 18

chiropractic

Question 19

DD Palmer believed that nerves were _____, NOT squeezed or pinched

Answer 19

impinged upon

Question 20

The spinal nerve rootlets at ________ region lack the epineural covering of the NRs as they exit the ____ and are more susceptible to _____, _____, and _____

Answer 20

interpedicular
IVF
pressure, ischemia and inflammation

Question 21

_____ lie within the interpedicular space and are especially susceptible to compressive forces

Answer 21

DRG’s

Question 22

Chronically injured dorsal NRs respond more ______ to mechanical deformation, but it is not necessary for spinal NR to be _____ compressed by bony structures to develop further

Answer 22

vigorously

directly

Question 23

more recent studies state that other structures within the ____ may affect the _____ tissue and ______ misalignment or inflammation of spinal motion segment may _______ or compress local vascular structures which leads to disruption of _________ blood supply and neuroischemia

Answer 23

IVF
nerve
stretch
neural

Question 24

the density of _____ ion channels in the soma and initial segment of ____ cells is relatively high, suggesting these regions may be unusually ______

Answer 24

sodium
DRGs
excitable

Question 25

substantial evidence demonstrates that the ___ and ___ are more susceptible to the effects of mechanical compression than _____ because impaired or altered function is produced at substantially lower pressures

Answer 25

DR
DRGs
peripheral nerves

Question 26

Joint malposition contributing to dysfunction of the spinal NRs is more likely to occur by _______ the more vulnerable ______ zone and subluxation has a greater potential to affect NR function if it is
______ to other disorders that have already led to narrowing of the lateral recess

Answer 26

narrowing
interpedicular
secondary

Question 27

Subluxation is more commonly presented as a complex, multifaceted pathologic entity

Answer 27

vertebral subluxation complex (VSC)

Question 28

• alteration of the normal dynamic, anatomic, or physiologic relationships of contiguous articular structures
• motion segment in which alignment, movement integrity, or physiologic function is altered, although the contact between the joint surfaces remains intact

Answer 28

subluxation

Question 29

A theoretic model of motion segment dysfunction (subluxation) that incorporates the complex interaction of pathologic changes in nerve, muscle, ligamentous, vascular, and connective tissues.

Answer 29

subluxation complex

Question 30

aggregate of signs and symptoms that relate to pathophysiology or dysfunction of spinal and pelvic motion segments or to peripheral joints

Answer 30

subluxation syndrome

Question 31

______ lead to a shift in the chiro profession so that the scientific community would be more open to the Chiropractic profession as a whole

Answer 31

VSC

Question 32

FAYE suggests that the _______ is a conceptualization for organizing the essential information relevant to treatment, allowing a chiropractor to examine a person in both a classic _______ manner and using a _______ approach to arrive at a double diagnosis

Answer 32

subluxation complex
orthoneurologic
biomechanical

Question 33

______ exam assess the state of pathologic tissue changes and also aids in determining ______

Answer 33

orthoneurologic

prognosis

Question 34

_______ analysis determines therapeutic procedures to be used and _______ schedule

Answer 34

biomechanical

treatment