Biomechanics of Adjustment Flashcards
(4) ways subluxation is used by chiro’s
chiro theory
professional identity
clinical finding
clinical diagnosis
explanatory mechanism for physical effects of chiropractic intervention
chiro theory
the entire basis of and for chiropractic care
professional identity
target for adjustive intervention
clinical finding
a distinct clinical condition or syndrome
clinical diagnosis
symptoms/dysfunctions are caused by:
pinched nerves
a subluxation is a partial or incomplete separation, one in which the articulating surfaces remain in ________
partial contact
Vertebral subluxations could _____ on the spinal nerve roots (NRs) as they exit through the IVF
impinge
subluxations are postulated to _____ the flow of vital _____ and to induce lowered tissue resistance and potential disease in the segmentally innervated tissues
obstruct
vital nerve pulses
The primary cause of all disease could be related to ________ and interruption of normal ____
subluxations
tone
DD Palmer proposed that the “subluxation of a vertebrae is a slight deviation from its normal relation to ________,” and this is said to cause “an alteration and narrowing of ____________
adjacent vertebrae
intervertebral foramina
The real, primary cause of disease is _____; the cause of tension is ______; the cause of pressure in 95% of diseased conditions is _____
tension
pressure
subluxated vertebrae
theory of subluxation induced NR compression is that spinal subluxations were hypothesized to induce ______ COMPRESSION as a result of ________ anatomic compression of neural elements within the _____
NR compression
direct
IVF
Resulting NR ______ was subsequently hypothesized to induce dysfunction of the ____ or _____ tissues they supplied
dysfunction
somatic
visceral
in theory of subluxation induced NR compression, marked or prolonged compression was hypothesized to induce ___________
loss of function
in theory of subluxation induced NR compression, more moderate compression was hypothesized to lead to _____ neural activity and increased ____, paresthesias, and ______ muscles
increased
pain
hypertonic
joint subluxations alone are extremely unlikely to _____ spinal NRs at margins of IVF; there must be something in addition to sustained malposition
pinch
“pinched nerve” notion is NOT considered _____ , but offered by MDs as definition of chiro subluxation
chiropractic
DD Palmer believed that nerves were _____, NOT squeezed or pinched
impinged upon
The spinal nerve rootlets at ________ region lack the epineural covering of the NRs as they exit the ____ and are more susceptible to _____, _____, and _____
interpedicular
IVF
pressure, ischemia and inflammation
_____ lie within the interpedicular space and are especially susceptible to compressive forces
DRG’s
Chronically injured dorsal NRs respond more ______ to mechanical deformation, but it is not necessary for spinal NR to be _____ compressed by bony structures to develop further
vigorously
directly
more recent studies state that other structures within the ____ may affect the _____ tissue and ______ misalignment or inflammation of spinal motion segment may _______ or compress local vascular structures which leads to disruption of _________ blood supply and neuroischemia
IVF
nerve
stretch
neural
the density of _____ ion channels in the soma and initial segment of ____ cells is relatively high, suggesting these regions may be unusually ______
sodium
DRGs
excitable
substantial evidence demonstrates that the ___ and ___ are more susceptible to the effects of mechanical compression than _____ because impaired or altered function is produced at substantially lower pressures
DR
DRGs
peripheral nerves
Joint malposition contributing to dysfunction of the spinal NRs is more likely to occur by _______ the more vulnerable ______ zone and subluxation has a greater potential to affect NR function if it is
______ to other disorders that have already led to narrowing of the lateral recess
narrowing
interpedicular
secondary
Subluxation is more commonly presented as a complex, multifaceted pathologic entity
vertebral subluxation complex (VSC)
- alteration of the normal dynamic, anatomic, or physiologic relationships of contiguous articular structures
- motion segment in which alignment, movement integrity, or physiologic function is altered, although the contact between the joint surfaces remains intact
subluxation
A theoretic model of motion segment dysfunction (subluxation) that incorporates the complex interaction of pathologic changes in nerve, muscle, ligamentous, vascular, and connective tissues.
subluxation complex
aggregate of signs and symptoms that relate to pathophysiology or dysfunction of spinal and pelvic motion segments or to peripheral joints
subluxation syndrome
______ lead to a shift in the chiro profession so that the scientific community would be more open to the Chiropractic profession as a whole
VSC
FAYE suggests that the _______ is a conceptualization for organizing the essential information relevant to treatment, allowing a chiropractor to examine a person in both a classic _______ manner and using a _______ approach to arrive at a double diagnosis
subluxation complex
orthoneurologic
biomechanical
______ exam assess the state of pathologic tissue changes and also aids in determining ______
orthoneurologic
prognosis
_______ analysis determines therapeutic procedures to be used and _______ schedule
biomechanical
treatment
