Balance & Posture Flashcards
point at which the force of gravity seems to be concentrated
center of mass/gravity
vertical line representing gravity that passes through a system’s center of mass/gravity
line of gravity
area bound by regions of contact between a body and support surface(s)
base of support
aka stability
balance
the ability to maintain the COG of an object within its BOS
balance
larger BOS = ___ stability
more
smaller BOS = ____ stability
less
the boundaries within which the body can maintain stability without changing the BOS
stability limits
stability limits result from the interaction btwn velocity and position of COG
dynamic stability limits
factors that influence stability
muscle strength ROM fear of falls perceived stability environmental conditions
stereotypical alignment of body/limb segments
posture
postural control is controlling body position in space for (3)
stability
orientation
integrity of nervous system, musculoskeletal system and special senses
primary postural (anti-gravity) muscles
neck extensors paraspinals hip extensors gastroc-soleus quadriceps
anticipatory postural control that are made PRIOR to VOLUNTARY movement that is potentially destabilizing in order to maintain stability during movement
feedforward control
compensatory or reactive postural responses; SENSORY feedback from unexpected external perturbations triggers postural responses
feedback control
one of the simplest ways to enhance stability is through _______ adjustments in postural tone
feed-forward
to maintain stability, the ankle must produce ____ from feedback mechanisms such as _______ activation
torque
feed-forward volitional
input that monitors and adjusts for changes in body position
visual
input that is for awareness of one’s head position in space
vestibular
input for awareness of one’s body in space
proprioceptive
VISUAL testing relative contribution
romberg test
romberg test with eyes closed is positive for ________; positive when eyes are both closed and open is _____
dorsal column
cerebellar
VESTIBULAR testing relative contribution
caloric reflex test
caloric reflex test is based on _______ direction; mnemonic is _____
nystagmus
COWS= cold = opposite, warm = same
(if none- vestibular apparatus problem)
PROPRIOCEPTIVE testing relative relative contribution
stand on unstable surface
good posture usually results in least amount of _______
energy expended
research suggest that with every one inch of forward head carriage, the spine must support an additional ____ lbs
10 lbs
