Balance & Posture

Question 1

point at which the force of gravity seems to be concentrated

Answer 1

center of mass/gravity

Question 2

vertical line representing gravity that passes through a system’s center of mass/gravity

Answer 2

line of gravity

Question 3

area bound by regions of contact between a body and support surface(s)

Answer 3

base of support

Question 4

aka stability

Answer 4

balance

Question 5

the ability to maintain the COG of an object within its BOS

Answer 5

balance

Question 6

larger BOS = ___ stability

Answer 6

more

Question 7

smaller BOS = ____ stability

Answer 7

less

Question 8

the boundaries within which the body can maintain stability without changing the BOS

Answer 8

stability limits

Question 9

stability limits result from the interaction btwn velocity and position of COG

Answer 9

dynamic stability limits

Question 10

factors that influence stability

Answer 10

muscle strength
ROM
fear of falls
perceived stability
environmental conditions

Question 11

stereotypical alignment of body/limb segments

Answer 11

posture

Question 12

postural control is controlling body position in space for (3)

Answer 12

stability
orientation
integrity of nervous system, musculoskeletal system and special senses

Question 13

primary postural (anti-gravity) muscles

Answer 13

neck extensors
paraspinals
hip extensors
gastroc-soleus
quadriceps

Question 14

anticipatory postural control that are made PRIOR to VOLUNTARY movement that is potentially destabilizing in order to maintain stability during movement

Answer 14

feedforward control

Question 15

compensatory or reactive postural responses; SENSORY feedback from unexpected external perturbations triggers postural responses

Answer 15

feedback control

Question 16

one of the simplest ways to enhance stability is through _______ adjustments in postural tone

Answer 16

feed-forward

Question 17

to maintain stability, the ankle must produce ____ from feedback mechanisms such as _______ activation

Answer 17

torque

feed-forward volitional

Question 18

input that monitors and adjusts for changes in body position

Answer 18

visual

Question 19

input that is for awareness of one’s head position in space

Answer 19

vestibular

Question 20

input for awareness of one’s body in space

Answer 20

proprioceptive

Question 21

VISUAL testing relative contribution

Answer 21

romberg test

Question 22

romberg test with eyes closed is positive for ________; positive when eyes are both closed and open is _____

Answer 22

dorsal column

cerebellar

Question 23

VESTIBULAR testing relative contribution

Answer 23

caloric reflex test

Question 24

caloric reflex test is based on _______ direction; mnemonic is _____

Answer 24

nystagmus
COWS= cold = opposite, warm = same
(if none- vestibular apparatus problem)

Question 25

PROPRIOCEPTIVE testing relative relative contribution

Answer 25

stand on unstable surface

Question 26

good posture usually results in least amount of _______

Answer 26

energy expended

Question 27

research suggest that with every one inch of forward head carriage, the spine must support an additional ____ lbs

Answer 27

10 lbs