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Ocular Anatomy > Sclera > Flashcards

Sclera Flashcards

1
Q

How does thickness in sclera change moving anteriorly from eom insertions

A

Thickness increases as it moves anteriorly towards limbus

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2
Q

Sclera around optic nerve is thickest and blends with

A

Nerve dura sheath

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3
Q

Passage for optic nerve axons and central retinal vessels

A

Lamina cribrosa

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4
Q

What does the posterior scleral foramen contain

A

Lamina cribosa

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5
Q

Scleral foramina

A

Anterior scleral foramen -cornea

Posterior scleral foramen - lamina cribosa

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6
Q

What occupies internal and external scleral sulcus

A

TM and Conjunctiva

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7
Q

Shape of anterior scleral foramen

A

Elliptical anteriorly and circular posteriorly

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8
Q

Structures important for aqueous drainage thats in the the corneoscleral junction

A

TM, Canal of Schlemm, scleral spur

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9
Q

Scleral spur is attached to

A

Ciliary muscle and canal of schlemm

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10
Q

Myelination of ON happens

A

As they leave the eye Posterior to lamina cribosa

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11
Q

Weakest part of the fibrous tunic of the eye

A

Lamina cribosa

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12
Q

When does ONH cupping occur

A

Elevated IOP

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13
Q

Effect of sclera on ONH

A

Changes in IOP can cause stress in CT in lamina cribosa if sclera is stiff

This causes decrease in blood supply to ON
Damaged axons
Glaucoma

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14
Q

Sclera regions

A

Episclera
Sclera stroma
Lamina fusca

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15
Q

Merges w tenons capsule at the limbus

A

Episclera

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16
Q

Thin and delicate fibrovascular layer

A

Episclera

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17
Q

Scleral stroma is continuous with

A

Corneal stroma

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18
Q

What is the episclera made of

A

Loose CT

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19
Q

Sclera layer that acts as synovial; membrane for smooth movement of eye

A

Episclera

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20
Q

Episclera thickness

A

Thickest anterior to rectus insertions thins out towards posterior pole

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21
Q

What provides nourishment to a vascular sclera

A

Episclera and choroid

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22
Q

Scleral stroma composition compared to cornea

A

Bundles of collagen are thicker here of quite variable diameters

23
Q

Lamina fusca contains

A

Melanocytes of choroid all origin that travel through emissary canals to get to sclera

24
Q

Lamina fusca attachment

A

Attached to underlying uveal tract

Loose attachment to choroid (thin collagen)

Strongly attached to ciliary muscle

25
Q

Which layer of the sclera blends w tenons capsule

A

Episclera

26
Q

main blood supply of episclera derives from

A

Anterior ciliary arteries

Other: long and shirt posterior ciliary arteries

27
Q

Arise from episclera arterial circle formed by anterior ciliary arteries

A

Superficial and deep episclera plexus

28
Q

Blood supply to equator and posterior aspects of episclera come from

A

Posterior ciliary arteries

29
Q

Stroma of sclera blood supply

A

A vascular

Diffusion from episclera and choroidal plexuses

30
Q

Metabolic rate of sclera

A

Low

31
Q

What are emissary canals

A

Tunnels that traverse the stroma of the sclera and transmit arteries nerves and veins

32
Q

Emissary canals are most likely found in

A

Superior and inferior aspects of the sclera

33
Q

Posterior emissary

A

Posterior long and short ciliary arteries

Short and long ciliary nerves

34
Q

Middle emissary

A

Vortex veins

35
Q

Anterior emissary

A

Anterioir ciliary vessels

Small branches from episcleral vessels communicating w canal of schlemm

36
Q

Schlemm canal drains aqueous into

A

Episclera

37
Q

Circular band of collagen bundles extending from the inner aspect of the sclera towards the angle of the ant angle

A

scleral spur

38
Q

Where is scleral spur located between

A

Ciliary body and schlemm canal

39
Q

Scleral spur attachment to ciliary muscle helps

A

Contraction tension at scleral spur which opens TM and assists in aqueous drainage

40
Q

Sclera innervation (general)

A

Short and long ciliary nerves (posterior emissary) perforate the sclera around optic nerve

41
Q

Posterior sclera innervation

A

Short ciliary nerves

42
Q

Anterior sclera innervation

Episclera, TM and canal of schlemm

A

2 long anterior ciliary nerves

43
Q

GAGs and fibroblast in sclera

A

Less in cornea than in cornea

44
Q

Water composition of sclera

A

70% slightly less than cornea

45
Q

Abundant collagen type in sclera

A

Type I (most of scleras weight)

46
Q

Cells involved in CT remodeling of sclera

A

MMPs secreted by fibroblasts and inflammatory cells

47
Q

Sclera growth enables

A

Myopia elongation of the eye

48
Q

Sclera has more GAGS than cornea

A

Yes

49
Q

Blue sclera is associated with

A

CT disorders ( Marfan’s and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta )

Abnormal thin sclera can allow to see choroid

50
Q

Yellow tint in sclera

A

Lipid accumulation (older ppl)

Liver disease

51
Q

Hyaline scleral plaques

A

Areas of thinned sclera anterioir to EOM insertions

52
Q

No involvement of palpebral conjunctiva or discharge in episclera this

Photophobia
Eyelids affected

A

Conjunctivitis

53
Q

Scleritis

A

Serious, usually autoimmune
Antibodies target sclera
Painful

54
Q

Axenfelds nerve loop

A

Extension of long ciliary nerve makes look

Pigments
Maybe painful to move

Ocular Anatomy (7 decks)

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