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Ocular Anatomy > Conjunctiva > Flashcards

Conjunctiva Flashcards

1
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Interface b/w tear film and the ocular surface

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2
Q

Conjunctival folds decrease contact b/w

A

Bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva.

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3
Q

Dimension of conjunctiva sac medially with open eyes (from lid margins)

A

0mm

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4
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva lines___.

And subdivided into

A

Posterior surface of the eyelid

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5
Q

Accumulation of goblet cells but not glands

A

Crypts of Henle

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5
Q

Potential space the conjunctiva creates

A

Conjunctival sac

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6
Q

What is the conjunctiva

A

Thin and transparent mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and that’s is reflected at the inf. And sup cornices onto the anterior surface of the eyeball

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7
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva is located on top of

A

Tenons capsule and on top of sclera

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8
Q

Functions of the conjunctiva

A

Allows independent movement of the eyeball and eyelids, protection of the cornea from external environment

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9
Q

How does the conjunctiva protect the cornea

A

Tear film formation
Contains glycocalyx
CALT

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10
Q

Conjunctival folds

A

Increase surface
Decrease area of contact b/w bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva
Reduce friction during movement

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11
Q

Parts of bulbar conjunctiva

A

Scleral and limbal

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12
Q

Parts of palpebral conjunctiva

A

Marginal
Tarsal
Orbital

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13
Q

Conjunctival fornices allow

A

Eyeball and lids to move independently

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14
Q

Conjunctival fornices include

A

Superior, inferior, lateral and plica semilunaris w/caruncle medially

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15
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva covers

A

The anterior part of eyeball from fornices to the limbus

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16
Q

Subtarsal sulcus are located

Landmark:

A

2mm off from the eyeball margin.

Branches from marginal arcade that supply the conjunctiva pierce the tarsal plate here

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17
Q

Subtarsal sulcus (groove) is

A

A shallow groove on the internal side of the eyelids that runs parallel to the lid margin

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18
Q

Clinical revelance of subtarsal sulcus

A

Traps small foreign bodies that may get into the conjunctival sac and moves them medially to the caruncle protecting the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva

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19
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva is continuous with

A

The skin of the eyelid

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20
Q

Mucotaneous junction transition b/w

A

Keratinized epithelium and the nonkeratinized epithelium of the marginal conjunctiva

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21
Q

Mucocutaneous junction is covered w/

A

Lipids secreted by meibomian glands

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22
Q

The lipid coat on the mucocatenous junction allows

A

Separation b/w dry keratinized epithelium of the skin and wet non keratinized conjunctival epithelium at the lid margin

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23
Q

Entropion and extortion affect on the mucocatenous junction

A

Physiological position is moved forward/back

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24
Q

Tarsal conjunctiva is firmly attached to

A

Tarsal plate

And is thinner than orbital conjunctiva and fornices

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25
Q

Eyelids that has more meibomian glands

A

Superior eyelid

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26
Q

Orbital conjunctiva is continuous w

A

Tarsal conjunctiva and fornices

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27
Q

Orbital conjunctiva contains

A

More goblet cells than tarsal region

Tarsal muscle and accessory lacrimal glands

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28
Q

Wolfring glands are located in which conjunctiva

A

Orbital

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29
Q

What makes the superior and inferior fornices

A

Palpebral conjunctiva makes a 90 degree turn to the tarsal plate

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30
Q

From the fornices, the conjunctiva continues as the

A

BULBAR PORTION

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31
Q

Histology of the conjunctiva

A

Non keratinized stratified squamous/ columnar containing goblet cells overflying a highly vascular loose CT layer (stroma) profusely innervated and abundant lymphoid tissue

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32
Q

Parts of the conjunctiva that has non keratinized stratified squamous/columnar

A

Squamous- closer to margin

Columnar- fornices + orbital conjunctiva

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33
Q

Conjunctival stroma contains

A 
Nerve cells 
Melanocytes 
Tarsal muscle 
Accessory lacrimal glands 
MALT/CALT
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34
Q

Stroma is subdivided into

A

Superficial lymphoid layer

Deep fibrous layer

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35
Q

Where are melanocytes present

A

In the basal epithelial layers

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36
Q

Stroma aka

A

Laminate propia

Substantial propia

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37
Q

Melanocytes come from

And are responsible for

A

Neural crest

Pigmentation

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38
Q

Racial Melanosis

A

Individuals will have more pigmentation that others.

Concerning when there is an accumulation of melanocytes in conjunctiva : melanoma (cancer)

39
Q

SR + levator aponeurosis and fornix of conjunctiva work as a team

A

As well as inferior fornix and IR

40
Q

Conjunctiva stroma is beneath

A

The basement membrane

41
Q

Conjunctival epithelium sits on

A

The basement membrane

42
Q

Difference b/w racial melanosis and conjunctival melanoma

A

Racial melanosis- only located in conjunctiva so they move if you move conjunctiva and no change

Melanoma- atypical features

43
Q

Epithelium of the conjunctiva is continuous w

A

Epithelium of theEyelid skin and corneal epithelium at the limbal region

44
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva contains numerous unfolding rich on goblet cells known as

A

Crypts of henle

45
Q

Where are goblet cells more abundant

A

More abundant at the fornices than in tarsal and bulbar conjunctiva

46
Q

Type of epithelium tarsal conjunctiva has

A

Squamous

47
Q

Conjunctiva is thinner at tarsal conjunctiva Bc

A

Presence of tarsal plate

48
Q

No goblet cells in which conjunctiva

A

Limbal

49
Q

Density of goblet cells is affected by

A

Age
Diseases (dry eye)
Vitamin A deficiency
Environment

50
Q

where will you Krause and wolfring ?

A

Stroma of the conjunctiva

51
Q

Local/systemic processes may cause hypertrophy of the lymphoid tissue underlying the conjunctiva forming-

A

Follicles/ papillae

52
Q

Follicular conjunctivitis

A

Acute inflammation of conjunctiva
Could be due to viral infection
Small, pale elevated nodules

53
Q

Papilla hypertrophy

A

Large cobblestone papillae on the tarsal/limbal conjunctiva due to allergic reaction in papillary conjunctivitis

Central vascular core can occur
Mucous produced

54
Q

Hypertrophy of lymphoid tissue in conjunctiva in response to immune stimulus

A

Follicle and papilla

55
Q

Function of fornices

A

Ease stretching of conjunctiva during eye movement

56
Q

Part of conjunctiva loosely attached to fascial expansions of the EOMS

A

Fornices

57
Q

Largest fornix

A

Superior fornix

58
Q

Medial fornix is integrated by

A

Plica semilunaris and caruncle

59
Q

Levator palpebral superior is and SR connect to

A

Superior fornix

60
Q

MR connects to

A

Deep tissue in the plica semilunaris and caruncle

61
Q

Fornices histology

A

Stratified non keratinized (mostly columnar/cuboidal) with numerous goblet cells

62
Q

Fornices contain a deep fibrous layer containing

A

tarsal muscle and accessory glands of Krause to orbital portion of palpebral conjunctiva which contains wolfring glands and tarsal muscle

63
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva is fused to the

A

Anterior tenons capsule and attach firmly to the sclera at the limbal region

64
Q

Palisades of Vogt are found in

A

The limbal portion of bulbar conjunctiva

65
Q

Difference in histology of bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva

A

Epithelium of bulbar is smoother than epithelium in the palpebral portion and contains broader and less consistent papilla reactions than the palpebral portion of the conjunctiva.

66
Q

Does the limbal portion of bulbar conjunctiva contain goblet cells?

A

NO

67
Q

What are palisades of Vogt

A

found on limbal conjunctiva

Structures around the limbus that radiate outward from the cornea

Form epithelial ridges that cover underlying condensation of conjunctival CT

68
Q

Functions of palisades of Vogt

A

Trap small foreign objects and move them away

Allow conjunctival blood vessels to nourish the periphery of the cornea

Limbal stem cells

69
Q

Conjunctival invasion of the cornea after limbal stem cells depletion causes

A

Corneal neovascularization and opacification

Blindness

70
Q

Blood supply to the conjunctiva consists of

A

Branches of ophthalmic artery and anastomosis with

Muscular
Medial palpebral
Lacrimal arteries

71
Q

Palpebral arcades are formed by the anastomosis of

A

Lateral and medal palpebral arteries that pierce the orbital septum to communicate w the anterior aspects of the orbit

72
Q

Palpebral arcades consists of

A

Marginal and peripheral

73
Q

Marginal arcades

A

supply marginal palpebral conjunctiva and portions of tarsal conjunctiva

74
Q

Peripheral arcades

A

Supply the majority of tarsal conjunctiva, orbital conjunctiva, fornices and the majority of bulbar conjunctiva

75
Q

Tarsal conjunctiva is supplied by

A

Posterior conjunctival arteries derived from palpebral arcades

76
Q

Most of bulbar conjunctiva is supplied by

A

posterior conjunctival arteries derived from palpebral arcades

77
Q

Branches from peripheral palpebral arcades anastomose with branches from anterior ciliary arteries which supply

A

Perilimbal conjunctiva

78
Q

The epicscleral arterial plexus that supplies the parts of the bulbar conjunctiva is chiefly formed by

A

Branches from anterior ciliary arteries

79
Q

Venous drainage of palpebral and most of bulbar conjunctiva

A

Venous plexus of eyelids- sup/inferior ophthalmic vein

80
Q

Venous drainage of perilimbal region ring around limbus

A

Anterior ciliary veins - sup/inferior ophthalmic veins

81
Q

Conjunctiva lymphatic drainage anastomoses with

A

Episcleral lymphatic plexus and/or into the lymphatic of the eyelids

82
Q

Does the eyeball contain lymphatic vessels

A

NO

83
Q

Lymphatic of conjunctiva and eyelid drain to what lymph nodes

A

PREAURICULAR PAROTID AND SUBMANDIBULAR LYMPH NODES

84
Q

Lymphangiectasis

A

Dilated large collecting lymphatic vessels due to drainage impairment

85
Q

sensory innervation to conjunctiva

A

Branches of ophthalmic nerve and minor contributions from infraorbital nerve ( CNV2)

86
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva innervation

A

Long ciliary nerves from nasociliary nerve

87
Q

Superior palpebral conjunctiva and fornix innervation

A

Frontal and lacrimal nerve branches

88
Q

Lateral aspects of inferior palpebral conjunctiva and fornix innervation

A

Lacrimal nerve

89
Q

Medial aspects of inferior palpebral conjunctiva and fornix innervation

A

Infraorbital nerve CNV2

90
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to conjunctiva

A

CNVII pterygopalatine ganglion

91
Q

Conjunctiva postganglionic autonomous fiberscome from

A

Ciliary ganglion

92
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Accumulation of fluids in conjunctival CT (chemosis)

Dilatation of superficial blood vessels that will become more visible (conjunctival injection)

93
Q

Pinguecula and pterygia are the results of

A

Alterations of the CT of conjunctiva

94
Q

Pinguecula

A

Yellowish, slightly raised, lipid like deposit in the nasal and temporal limbal conjunctiva (asymptomatic)

95
Q

Pterygium

A

Fibrovascular overgrowth of the bulbar conjunctiva onto the cornea

96
Q

Lose connective tissue layer of conjunctiva

A

Substantia propia

Ocular Anatomy (7 decks)

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