Final

Question 1

Chalazion

Answer 1

Small lump or cyst due to meibomian gland

Not painful

Question 2

Where does levator aponeurosis insert

Answer 2

Anterior aspect of tarsal plate
Skin of superior eyelid
Superior fornix of conjunctiva

Question 3

Concerned

Answer 3

Curragator

Question 4

Angry

Answer 4

Procerus

Question 5

Innervation of tarsal muscle

Answer 5

Sympathetic innervation

Question 6

What forms the optic nerve

Answer 6

Axons of ganglion cells in the retina

Question 7

Functions of the RPE

Answer 7

Cis retinal regeneration
Photoreceptor outer disc phagocytosis
Selective transport barrier

Question 8

Steps of visual pathway found in the retina

Answer 8

Photoreceptors, bipolar and ganglion cells

Question 9

Intraocular part of ONH is divided by

Answer 9

Superficial NFL, preliminary, and laminar

Question 10

Superficial NFL

Answer 10

From ILM to Bruce’s membrane

Question 11

Preliminar

Answer 11

From Bruchs to lamina cribosa

Question 12

Laminar

Answer 12

Within lamina cribosa

Question 13

Retrolaminar

Answer 13

Technically part of the intracranial portion of the ON

Question 14

Once ON leaves the eyeball it is surrounded by

Answer 14

3 meninges layers

Question 15

Intracranial part of the ON length exceeds the distance from back of the eye to the optic foramen bc

Answer 15

It allows movement without traction

Question 16

ON vulnerable to trauma in this region

Answer 16

Intracanalicular portion

Tightly bound to wall of the optic canal

Question 17

ON nerve edema due to CRB compressions by increased intracranial pressure

Answer 17

Papilledema

Bc it crosses the meninges layer as it leaves ON

Question 18

ON lacks all retinal elements except

Answer 18

NFL and ILM

Question 19

ILM of optic nerve head is formed by

Answer 19

Astrocytes and is called membrane of elschnig

Question 20

Why does the ONH look pale compared to rest

Answer 20

Lack of RPE and choroid

Question 21

Elevated CD ratio and loss of neural rim is a finding in

Answer 21

Glaucoma

Question 22

Rim of neural tissue is

Answer 22

Thickest inferiorly

Thinnest temporally

Question 23

Nerve fiber layer becomes thickets at

Answer 23

ONH

Question 24

Bergmeister papilla

Answer 24

Remnant of the haloed artery at the ONH

Question 25

Axons of ON cross the lamina cribosa and become

Answer 25

Surrounded by oligodendrocytes and by the 3 meninges layers as they exit the eye

Question 26

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 26

Wrap axons at the posterior border of the lamina cribosa
Increase diameter by 2x
Increase the speed of nerve impulse

Question 27

Oligodendrocytes are located only in

Answer 27

Posterior aspects of lamina cribosa

Question 28

Astrocytes in ON form a ring of tissue around the optic nerve disc that separates

Answer 28

Retinal and choroid also tissue

Question 29

Blood supply to ON

Answer 29

Non fee started
Different branches from SPCA
CRA, plial plexus, ophthalmic artery

Question 30

Aneurisms pituitary tumors can affect vision like diplopia Fv defects by

Answer 30

Compressing optic chiasm

Question 31

Astrocytes derived ring of tissue that separates the choroid from the preliminary portions of the optic nerve

Answer 31

Border tissue of jacoby

Question 32

Longest part of the ON

Answer 32

Infraorbital

Question 33

Membrane of elschnig is formed by

Answer 33

Astrocytes