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Ocular Anatomy > Orbit > Flashcards

Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

Parallel to the Sagittarius suture of the skull

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2
Q

7 bones that make up the orbit

A 
palatine 
lacrimal 
zygomatic 
maxillary 
ethmoid 
sphenoid 
frontal
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3
Q

unpaired/ single bones that make up the orbit

A

sphenoid
ethmoid
frontal

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4
Q

depth from the back of the eye to the optic foramen

A

18mm

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5
Q

Inferiors orbital fissure separates

A

floor of the orbit and the lateral wall

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6
Q

What makes up the roof of the orbit

A

lesser wing of sphenoid and frontal bones

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7
Q

the lesser wing of sphenoid contains

A

forms the apex of the orbit
contains the optic canal
contains communication with middle cranial fossa

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8
Q

orbital plate of the frontal bone contains

A

lacrimal fossa , supraorbital notch , fovea for trochlea of superior oblique

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9
Q

superior orbital fissure is located____

and separates ___

A

b/w lesser and greater wing of sphenoid

separates roof and lateral wall of orbit

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10
Q

floor of the orbit is made up of

A

maxilla, zygomatic and palatine bones

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11
Q

infraorbital grove is located ____ communicates with _____ and transmits

A
  • floor of orbit/ maxillary bone
  • pterygopalatine fossa
  • infraorbital nerve CNV2 and vessels
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12
Q

what enters the orbit from the pterygopalatine fossa

A

infraorbital and zygomatic nerves of the cranial fossa

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13
Q

blow out fracture usually involves the

A

orbital floor

infraorbital groove

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14
Q

bones that make up the medial wall of the orbit

A

sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal , maxillary

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15
Q

thinnest wall of the orbit?

A

medial wall

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16
Q

where is the lacrimal sac located

A

in the medial wall of the orbit

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17
Q

where are the anterior and posterior crests of the lacrimal sac located ?

A

anterior: maxillary bone

posterior : lacrimal bone

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18
Q

the lacrimal sac fossa continues inferiorly within the maxillary bone as the

A

nasolacrimal canal then the nasal cavity

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19
Q

where are the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina located? what do they transmit?

A

located between ethmoid and frontal bones

transmit: ethmoidal artery, vein and nerve ( branch of nasociliary: CNV 1 ) and lymphatics

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20
Q

bones that make up the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

zygomatic and greater wing of sphenoid

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21
Q

where is the meningo orbital foramen located

A

sphenoid bone, lateral wall

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22
Q

Whitnall’s turbercle

A
  1. check ligament of lateral rectus muscle
  2. suspensory ligament (lockwood)
  3. lateral horn of levator aponeurosis
  4. lateral palpebral ligament
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23
Q

where is the lateral orbital tubercle?

A

zygomatic bone, 4-5mm internal to the lateral orbital rim

24
Q

bones that make up the orbital margin

A

zygomatic, frontal, maxillla

25
Q

what margin is discontinuous and why?

A

medial margin dude to lacrimal sac fossa

26
Q

major orbital openings include?

A
  1. optic foramen and canal
  2. SOF
  3. IOF
  4. infraorbital groove, canal, and foramen
  5. ethmoidal foramina
  6. supraorbital notch/ foramen
27
Q

optic foramen/ canal is located in? and transmits? and opens to which fossa?

A

lesser wing of sphenoid
transmits: optic nerve
ophthalmic artery and sympathetic nerves
opens to middle cranial fossa

28
Q

SOF is divided into superior and inferior portions by

A

the common tendinous ring (annulis of zinn)

29
Q

SOF transmits (5)

A

CN III, IV, VI and ophthalmic nerve CNV1 ( branches: lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary) and ophthalmic vein

30
Q

what’s located outside of the annulus of zinn

A

branch of the lacrimal artery
(CNV1 branches) :lacrimal nerve and frontal nerve
CNIV : trochlear
superior ophthalmic vein

31
Q

whats located inside the annulus of zinn

A

CNIII (inferior and superior)
Nasociliary nerve (CNV1 branch)
CNVI abducens

32
Q

structures traveling inside the optic foramen go through the common tendinous ring but not the SOF

A

true

33
Q

where is the IOF located

A

between maxilla and greater wing of sphenoid

34
Q

how does the IOF communicate with the orbit

A

it opens into pterygopalentine and infratemporal fossae

35
Q

what does the IOF transmit

A
  • inferior ophthalmic vein
  • infraorbital nerve (terminal branch of CNV2)
  • infraorbital artery and vein
  • zygomatic nerve of CNV2
  • autonomic fibers from pterygopalatine
  • emissary veins
36
Q

infraorbital foramen transmits

A
  • infraorbital artery (maxillary artery branch)
  • nerve (terminal branch of CNV2 maxillary nerve)
  • vein
37
Q

infraorbital nerve course

A

foramen rotundum to pterygopalatine fossa, IOF to orbit, infraorbital canal to infraorbital foramen

38
Q

supraorbital noth/foramen transmits

A

supraorbital nerve (terminal branch of frontal nerve) artery (ophthalmic artery branch) and vein

39
Q

orbit innervation

A

CNV1 branches: nasociliary and its branches AE, PE, IT, frontal with branches SO and ST and lacrimal and CNV2 branches: infraorbital , zygomaticofacial, and zygomaticotemporal

40
Q

where are paranasal sinuses located

A

within frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones

surround the orbit

41
Q

what divides sinuses from the orbit

A

lamina papyrecea

42
Q

orbital cellulitis can be secondary from

A

sinusitis mainly ethmoidal

43
Q

periorbita /orbital periosteum is continuous with

A

dura mater

44
Q

dense connective tissue that lines the bones in the orbit is called?
innervated by?
derived from?

A

periorbita
CNV
periosteal dura matter

45
Q

optic nerve is surrounded by

A

3 meningeal layers

46
Q

continumm of periorbital into eyelid

A

orbital septum

47
Q

orbital septum functions

A
  1. barrier to prevent spread of infections from the eyelid into the orbit
  2. isolates lacrimal sac
  3. maintains orbital fat in place
48
Q

what’s the difference b/w preseptal and orbital cellulitis

A

orbital cellulitis is more serious

preseptal: inflammation anterior to the orbital septum
orbital: inflammation posterior to orbital septum

49
Q

dermatochalasis

A

weakening of the orbital septum which causes orbital fat to protrude forward
can decrease palpebral fissure
eyelid bags

50
Q

tenons capsule

A

aka bulbar fascia

encloses the eye sclera from the limbus to the optic nerve

51
Q

anteriorly located between the conjunctiva and the sclera and site for injection of anesthesia during eye surgery

A

tenons capsule

52
Q

where is the suspensory ligament aka Lockwood located

A

between inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles

53
Q

where does the suspensory ligament insert

A

whitnalls tubercle

54
Q

orbital septal system is CT located between

A

periorbita and the bulbar fascia (tenons capsule

55
Q

intraconal fat is located?

how woulda intraconal mass be shown on the patient ?

A

inside the CT that connects the 4 rectus EOMS (intermuscular fascia)
-eye pushed forward

56
Q

extraconal fat is located

how would a extraconal mass be shown?

A

b/w the rectus EOMS and the periorbita (outside the intermuscular fascia)
eye pushed in and angle

57
Q

exophthalmos is?

most common cause?

A

proptosis of protrusion of the eyeball

  • palpebral fissure is larger than 15mm
  • thyroid eye disease/ grave’s disease

Ocular Anatomy (7 decks)

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