scientific understanding of behaviour

Question 1

alternative explanations

Answer 1

other possible explanations or influences for outcome of an experiment

Question 2

applied research

Answer 2

research that looks at practical problems and tries to find possible solutions

Question 3

applied research example

Answer 3

testing if virtual exposure therapy decreases symptoms of spider phobia

Question 4

authority

Answer 4

when we make a decision by placing our trust in someone who we think knows more than we do

Question 5

basic research

Answer 5

research that tries to answer questions about nature of behaviour

Question 6

basic research example

Answer 6

studying how stress affects productivity

Question 7

covariation of cause and effect

Answer 7

process of developing a cause and effect relationship between variables

Question 8

empiricism

Answer 8

use of observation or experiences to gain knowledge

Question 9

falsifiable

Answer 9

ability to test if a claim is true
-has to be able to define something first to measure it

Question 10

example of falsifiable question

Answer 10

does listening to music make people happy?

Question 11

example of unfalsifiable statement

Answer 11

does God exist?

Question 12

goals of scientific research

Answer 12

-describe behaviour
-predict behaviour
-determine causes of behaviour
-understand or explain behaviour

Question 13

to describe behaviour

Answer 13

look at how things occur in natural setting without manipulating it

Question 14

to predict behaviour

Answer 14

once observation has found that 2 events consistently occur together you can make predictions and anticipate events

Question 15

determine causes of behaviour

Answer 15

only use experiments to find cause of relationship
-if we know the cause of behaviour than we can change it

Question 16

explain

Answer 16

evaluate and explain findings

Question 17

intuition

Answer 17

relies on personal judgments and informal evidence to draw conclusions about the world
-personal experience / gut feeling

Question 18

scientific method

Answer 18

ideas must be evaluated on basis of careful logic and systematic observation

Question 19

peer review

Answer 19

means that work was scrutinized and reviews by ppl in the same field

Question 20

program evaluation

Answer 20

tests efficacy of programs

Question 20

pseudoscience

Answer 20

tries to present info using scientific terms to appear credible without using scientific data

Question 21

replicate

Answer 21

when previous studies are recreated to see if results change

Question 22

scientific skepticism

Answer 22

questions claims of scientist
-makes sure there is no conflict of interest (personal interests can compromise judgement)

Question 23

temporal precedence

Answer 23

manipulating hypothesized cause and measuring its resulting effects on outcomes