measurement concepts Flashcards
Concurrent validity
Scores on the measure are related to a criterion measured at the same time
Construct validity
degree to which the operational definition of a variable actually reflects the true theoretical meaning of the variable
Content validity
The content of the measure captures all aspects of the intended construct.
Convergent validity
Scores on the measure are related to other measures of the same construct or similar constructs
Cronbach’s alpha
a way of assessing reliability by comparing the amount of shared variance, or covariance, among the items making up an instrument to the amount of overall variance
Discriminant validity
Scores on the measure are NOT related to other measures that are theoretically different
Face validity
The content of the measure appears to reflect the construct being measured
Internal consistency reliability
Split-half reliability: Splits the test in half computing a separate score for each half, and then calculates a correlation between the two scores
Inter-rater reliability
extent to which raters (researchers) agree in their observations
Interval scale
-values are larger or smaller than next
-interval between variables is known and meaningful
-no true 0
Measurement error
difference between a measured quality and its true value
Nominal scale
-has no numerical or quantitative properties
-categorizes and groups differ from one another
Nominal scale example
ethnicity
Ordinal scale
-ranks order of variable being studied
-values are smaller or larger than the next
-do not know the interval (difference) between variables just the order
Ordinal scale example
-first , second, and third place medals are given in a marathon
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
measures linear correlation between two sets of data
Predictive validity
score predicts some future behaviour that is relevant to construct
Ratio scale
-values are smaller or larger than next
-interval between variables is known and meaningful
-all properties of interval scale but has true 0 point
Reactivity
people behave differently because they know they are being measured
Reliability
-Stability or consistency of the measurements produced by a specific measurement procedure
-measure gives consistent measure of that behaviour
Test-retest reliability
-take test twice and see if results correlate
True score
a theoretical value that represents a test taker’s score without error
