Conducting Studies Part 1 continued and Part 2

Question 1

Behavioural measure

Answer 1

some other aspect of participants’ behaviour is observed and recorded.

Question 2

Ceiling effect

Answer 2

Clustering of scores at the high end of a measurement scale

Question 3

Demand characteristics

Answer 3

-any of the potential cues or features of a study that suggest to the participants the purpose and hypothesis of the study, and influence the participants to respond or behave in a certain way

Question 4

Double-blind procedure

Answer 4

Neither the experimenter nor the participants know in what condition participants are in

Question 5

Experimenter bias

Answer 5

Measurements are influenced by the experimenter’s expectations regarding the outcome of the study

Question 6

Filler items

Answer 6

the participants do not get the full purpose of the study when giving them the survey

Question 7

Floor effect

Answer 7

Clustering of scores at the low end of a measurement scale

Question 8

Manipulation check

Answer 8

-Measures that try to directly assess whether the manipulation had the intended effect
* If used, manipulation checks are typically included at the end of the experiment (after the DV has been measured

Question 9

Advantages of manipulation check

Answer 9

• Identify required strength of the manipulation by conducting a pilot study
  -Helps interpret the results of the study

Question 10

Manipulation strength

Question 11

Physiological measure

Answer 11

measurement of body temperature with a clinical thermometer, or they may be more complicated, for example measuring how well the heart is functioning by taking an ECG

Question 12

Pilot study

Answer 12

allows the research team to gain experience and training, which can be particularly beneficial if new experimental techniques or procedures are used

Question 13

Placebo group

Answer 13

response to a treatment that has no real effect on the body but the participant thinks its effective

Question 14

Self-report measure

Answer 14

method to measure emotions and are based on participants’ self-reported (perceived) experience of emotions, rather than behavioural or physiological emotional information

Question 15

Sensitivity

Answer 15

the perception of sensory input from the environment such as sound, smell, taste, and touch

Question 16

Staged manipulations

Answer 16

Elaborate situations involving actors or experiments with cover stories

Question 17

Straightforward manipulations

Answer 17

Operationally define independent variables using instructions and stimulus presentations

Question 18

Controlling for experimenter bias

Answer 18

◦ Standardize the experiment
◦ Automate the experiment