scientific + titration method

Question 1

accuracy

Answer 1

How close a measured value is to the true value of the quantity being measured

Question 2

precision

Answer 2

how close two or more measurements agree with each other

Question 3

Repeatability

Answer 3

How closely two successive measurements of the same quantity match, when carried out under the same conditions of measurement (observer, procedure, instrument, location).

Question 4

reproducibility

Answer 4

How closely two measurements of the same quantity match, when carried out under changed conditions of measurement (observer, procedure, instrument, location)

Question 5

validity

Answer 5

The extent to which an experiment investigates what it aims or claims to investigate. This is affected by both experimental design (eg controlled variables) and how it is conducted (eg observer bias).

Question 6

random errors

Answer 6

Unpredictable variations in the measurement process resulting in a spread of readings. Eg subjective human judgement

Question 7

systematic errors

Answer 7

Systematic Errors cause inaccuracy in a systematic manner so that when a value is measured repeatedly, the error is the same. Eg incorrectly calibrated instruments or parallax error.

Question 8

reliability

Answer 8

How consistently an experiment is able to produce consistent results even when conditions are varied (observer, procedure, instrument, location)

Question 9

equivalence point

Answer 9

The point in a titration when the solutions have reacted in the exact mole ratio as shown by the reaction equation - neither is in excess. (in fact neither reactant is present at all - only products!)

Question 10

end point

Answer 10

The point in a titration where an observation (eg colour change of the indicator) signals the end of the titration itself. Good experimental design will ensure that the end point is near the equivalence point in terms of volume of titrant delivered.

Question 11

what rinse burette with

Answer 11

The solution to be used in the burette (titrant). Rinsing with water would dilute the titrant.

Question 12

what to rinse volumetric pipette with

Answer 12

The solution to be used in the volumetric pipette (analyte). Rinsing with water would reduce the amount of analyte delivered in the aliquot.

Question 13

what to rinse volumetric flask with

Answer 13

Water. Rinsing with the solution being measured out would increase the amount of that solution in the volumetric flask by an unknown quantity.

Question 14

what to rinse conical flask with

Answer 14

Water. Rinsing with the analyte would increase the amount of analyte present in the conical flask by an unknown quantity.

Question 15

what is not added in kc equation in aqueous solutions

Answer 15

H20

Question 16

potential bomb calorimeter errors why less than expected

Answer 16

incomplete combustion
some mass remained
insulation
stirrer issues ( magnetic stirrer used)
some mass not added
each (food content product) is not exact to average

Question 17

define vitamins

Answer 17

organic compounds which act as intermediate carriers of electrons and or atoms/groups of atoms to assist bodily functions

Question 18

units

Answer 18

m(g)/v(100ml)
v(ml)/v(100ml)
m(g)/m(100g)
alc(g)/v(100ml)