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3/4 Chemistry. > 8b > Flashcards

8b Flashcards

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1
Q

Percentage yield equation

A

Actual yield/theoretical yield x 100= percentage yield

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2
Q

what is a first generation biofuel feedstock source

A

edible crops, such as corn, wheat, sugarcane, and soybean

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3
Q

what is a first generation biofuel production technology

A

transesterification under alkaline conditions

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4
Q

considerations of first gen biofuels

A

displacement of food crops and deforestation

competes with valuable food sources

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5
Q

second generation biofuel feedstock source

A

non-food crops and waste materials, such agricultural residues, forest residues, and household waste

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6
Q

second gen biofuel production technology

A

transesterification under alkaline conditions

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7
Q

second gen biofuel considerations

A

lower environmental impact than first generation

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8
Q

third gen biofuel feedstock source

A

algae and other microbes

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9
Q

third gen biofuel production technology

A

can be grown in various environments, such as wastewater, saltwater and freshwater

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10
Q

third gen biofuel considerations

A

high productivity and potential to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

requires extensive processing

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11
Q

fourth gen(emerging ) biofuel feedstock source

A

cyanobacteria

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12
Q

fourth gen(emerging) production technology

A

engineered cyanobacterial development

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13
Q

fourth gen (emerging) considerations

A

huge potential for use as a green biotechnology

absorbs the most CO2 and creates lipid biofuel

currently very expensive

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14
Q

5 benefits of catalysts in green chemistry

A

improved selectivity
lower energy consumption
renewable source utilisation
safer reactions
longer catalyst lifetime

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15
Q

what is improved selectivity

A

greater specificity of reactions, hence unwanted by-products are minimised or eliminated.

reduces waste and saves money by improving yield of desired product

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16
Q

what is lower energy consumption

A

because of catalyst the reaction can occur at lower temp and hence lower energy consumption

17
Q

what is renewable source utilisation

A

catalysis can facilitate the use of renewable sources such as biomass instead of fossil fuels

18
Q

what is safer reactions

A

can use less hazardous reagents because of catalyst hence safer

19
Q

what is longer catalyst lifetime

A

catalysts can often be re used hence increases lifetime and less impact on enviro

20
Q

seaweed benefits as biopolymer

A

lower carbon footprint
quick grow
biodegradable
increase durability
reduced food waste
production of oxygen by consuming CO2
edible

3/4 Chemistry. (11 decks)

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