Scientific Revolution Flashcards
Who proposed the heliocentric theory?
Nicholas Copernicus.
What did Francis Bacon develop?
The Scientific Method
What did Isaac Newton explain through the use of mathematics?
Gravity
What did the French philosophes promote?
Natural rights and law.
Who is credited with writing the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
Whose writings influenced the U.S. Bill of Rights?
John Locke.
What is the order of the steps used in the scientific method?
1.Observation of facts and things.
2.Hypotheses to explain observations.
3.Test hypotheses to prove or disprove it.
4.Experiments to show hypotheses as true or false.
5.Hypotheses should be considered a scientific law.
What was Montesquieu’s influence on the U.S. Constitution?
Promoted a separation of governmental powers into three branches of government.
What was the law of universal gravitation?
The force of gravity not only prevents objects from flying off the revolving earth, but also holds the entire solar system together.
How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment ideals?
It said that people have rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
What areas of study were advanced during the scientific revolution?
Mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry.
Who described how to make artificially carbonated water commercially?
Thomas Henry.
Who said that violence and disorder came naturally to human beings?
Thomas Hobbes
Who built his own telescope to prove that Copernicus was correct about smaller heavenly bodies rotating around larger heavenly bodies?
Galileo Galilei.
Who showed that the heart pumps blood causing it to circulate through veins in the body?
William Harvey.
Who advocated for the creation of an assembly of nations committed to world peace?
William Penn.
Who made groundbreaking discoveries in human anatomy by illegally dissecting human bodies?
Andreas Vesalius.
Who discovered the existence of oxygen?
Joseph Priestly.
Who discovered the nature of combustion (fire)?
Antoine Lavoisier.
Who promoted the idea of the right to life, liberty, and property?
John Locke.
Who used mathematical formulas to prove that the planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit?
Johannes Kepler.
Who said that humans are naturally violent and disorderly?
Thomas Hobbes.
Who publicly promoted the idea that the Earth rotated on an axis?
Nicolaus Copernicus.
Who promoted the idea of the “general will” and the “common good” of the people?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Who supported the idea of the separation of powers?
Baron de Montesquieu.
Who proved that he existed with the statement “I think, therefore I am.”?
Rene Descartes.
Whose study of carbon dioxide (CO2) led to the development of carbonated beverages?
Joseph Priestly.
Who published his theories on gravity that were inspired by the falling of an apple?
Isaac Newton.
Whose ideas led to the development of the scientific method?
Francis Bacon.
Who believed in pacifism and had a U.S. state named after him?
William Penn.
Who promoted the idea of freedom of speech and is best known for the quote” I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”?
Voltaire.
What did Baron de Montesquieu believe was the best system of government?
One in which the legislative, executive, and judicial powers were separate and kept each other from becoming too powerful.
Who developed Calculus?
Isaac Newton.
Whose writings influenced the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
What did Johannes Kepler prove about the planets through the use of mathematics?
That the planets revolved around the sun.
Which Danish astronomer set up an observatory to chart the heavenly bodies?
Tycho Brahe.
Which science tried to turn common metals into precious metals?
Alchemy.
Name three people from the notes who made discoveries about human anatomy.
1.Andreas Vesalius.
2.William Harvey.
3.Robert Hooke.
Knowledge of human anatomy was based on the work of whom?
Galen.
What form of government did Thomas Hobbes promote?
The government that is led by an absolute monarch (king).
What did Thomas Hobbes believe about people?
That they were naturally violent and disorderly.
What did Nicholas Copernicus propose about the Earth?
That it was round, rotated on an axis, revolved around the sun, and that it was the center of the universe.
What is Deism?
Belief in God but the denouement of organized faiths.
How did Rene Descartes begin his search for knowledge?
By doubting everything that he believed to be true.
What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe about people?
That people are mostly good, and that it is society that corrupts them.
Why was Denis Diderot arrested?
For editing/publishing the Encyclopedie (it criticized the Catholic Church and praised religious tolerance).
Which term describes an agreement between the government and the people that they govern?
Social Contract.
Who was the founder of the American Quaker colony and also advocated pacifism?
William Penn.
Who forced Galileo to publically take back his findings about our solar system?
Pope Urban VIII.
Who established chemistry as a pure science?
Robert Boyle.
