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History > Scientific Revolution > Flashcards

Scientific Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Who proposed the heliocentric theory?

A

Nicholas Copernicus.

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2
Q

What did Francis Bacon develop?

A

The Scientific Method

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3
Q

What did Isaac Newton explain through the use of mathematics?

A

Gravity

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4
Q

What did the French philosophes promote?

A

Natural rights and law.

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5
Q

Who is credited with writing the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

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6
Q

Whose writings influenced the U.S. Bill of Rights?

A

John Locke.

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7
Q

What is the order of the steps used in the scientific method?

A

1.Observation of facts and things.
2.Hypotheses to explain observations.
3.Test hypotheses to prove or disprove it.
4.Experiments to show hypotheses as true or false.
5.Hypotheses should be considered a scientific law.

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8
Q

What was Montesquieu’s influence on the U.S. Constitution?

A

Promoted a separation of governmental powers into three branches of government.

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9
Q

What was the law of universal gravitation?

A

The force of gravity not only prevents objects from flying off the revolving earth, but also holds the entire solar system together.

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10
Q

How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment ideals?

A

It said that people have rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

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11
Q

What areas of study were advanced during the scientific revolution?

A

Mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry.

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12
Q

Who described how to make artificially carbonated water commercially?

A

Thomas Henry.

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13
Q

Who said that violence and disorder came naturally to human beings?

A

Thomas Hobbes

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14
Q

Who built his own telescope to prove that Copernicus was correct about smaller heavenly bodies rotating around larger heavenly bodies?

A

Galileo Galilei.

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15
Q

Who showed that the heart pumps blood causing it to circulate through veins in the body?

A

William Harvey.

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16
Q

Who advocated for the creation of an assembly of nations committed to world peace?

A

William Penn.

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17
Q

Who made groundbreaking discoveries in human anatomy by illegally dissecting human bodies?

A

Andreas Vesalius.

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18
Q

Who discovered the existence of oxygen?

A

Joseph Priestly.

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19
Q

Who discovered the nature of combustion (fire)?

A

Antoine Lavoisier.

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20
Q

Who promoted the idea of the right to life, liberty, and property?

A

John Locke.

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21
Q

Who used mathematical formulas to prove that the planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit?

A

Johannes Kepler.

22
Q

Who said that humans are naturally violent and disorderly?

A

Thomas Hobbes.

23
Q

Who publicly promoted the idea that the Earth rotated on an axis?

A

Nicolaus Copernicus.

24
Q

Who promoted the idea of the “general will” and the “common good” of the people?

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

25
Q

Who supported the idea of the separation of powers?

A

Baron de Montesquieu.

26
Q

Who proved that he existed with the statement “I think, therefore I am.”?

A

Rene Descartes.

27
Q

Whose study of carbon dioxide (CO2) led to the development of carbonated beverages?

A

Joseph Priestly.

28
Q

Who published his theories on gravity that were inspired by the falling of an apple?

A

Isaac Newton.

29
Q

Whose ideas led to the development of the scientific method?

A

Francis Bacon.

30
Q

Who believed in pacifism and had a U.S. state named after him?

A

William Penn.

31
Q

Who promoted the idea of freedom of speech and is best known for the quote” I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”?

A

Voltaire.

32
Q

What did Baron de Montesquieu believe was the best system of government?

A

One in which the legislative, executive, and judicial powers were separate and kept each other from becoming too powerful.

33
Q

Who developed Calculus?

A

Isaac Newton.

34
Q

Whose writings influenced the Declaration of Independence?

A

John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

35
Q

What did Johannes Kepler prove about the planets through the use of mathematics?

A

That the planets revolved around the sun.

36
Q

Which Danish astronomer set up an observatory to chart the heavenly bodies?

A

Tycho Brahe.

37
Q

Which science tried to turn common metals into precious metals?

A

Alchemy.

38
Q

Name three people from the notes who made discoveries about human anatomy.

A

1.Andreas Vesalius.
2.William Harvey.
3.Robert Hooke.

39
Q

Knowledge of human anatomy was based on the work of whom?

A

Galen.

40
Q

What form of government did Thomas Hobbes promote?

A

The government that is led by an absolute monarch (king).

41
Q

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about people?

A

That they were naturally violent and disorderly.

42
Q

What did Nicholas Copernicus propose about the Earth?

A

That it was round, rotated on an axis, revolved around the sun, and that it was the center of the universe.

43
Q

What is Deism?

A

Belief in God but the denouement of organized faiths.

44
Q

How did Rene Descartes begin his search for knowledge?

A

By doubting everything that he believed to be true.

45
Q

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe about people?

A

That people are mostly good, and that it is society that corrupts them.

46
Q

Why was Denis Diderot arrested?

A

For editing/publishing the Encyclopedie (it criticized the Catholic Church and praised religious tolerance).

47
Q

Which term describes an agreement between the government and the people that they govern?

A

Social Contract.

48
Q

Who was the founder of the American Quaker colony and also advocated pacifism?

A

William Penn.

49
Q

Who forced Galileo to publically take back his findings about our solar system?

A

Pope Urban VIII.

50
Q

Who established chemistry as a pure science?

A

Robert Boyle.

History (11 decks)

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