Age Of Exploration Flashcards
Which European country was the leader in developing and applying 15th century sailing innovations?
Portugal
How did Prince Henry of Portugal influence exploration?
Portuguese royalty who brought together map makers, mathematicians, and astronomers to study navigation
He also sponsored many explorations into the Atlantic and down the African coast
What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Portugal and Spain?
It was a compromise between Spain and Portugal which agreed to move the line of demarcation further west. It was moved because Portugal felt like they had received no land to claim
Bartolomeu Dias captained the first European ship to sail what route?
The southern tip of Africa, called The Cape of Good Hope
What did Vasco da Gama succeed in gaining for Portugal?
He was the first to find an oceanic trading route to India and to establish an empire in Asia and Africa
The Line of Demarcation established a boundary between which two regions?
Portugal and Spain
Who conquered the Aztec empire?
Hernan Cortes/ Spanish.
As part of the Columbian Exchange, which of the following was carried west across the Atlantic to the Americas?
Wheat, grapes, livestock, and horses
Which city was originally founded as a settlement by the Dutch?
New Amsterdam, New York.
Name the four reasons that the Spanish were able to conquer the Aztecs?
- The Aztecs had never seen horses and they feared them.
- The conquistadors brought diseases like smallpox.
- The Spanish had guns and cannons/ better weapons than the Aztecs.
- Cortes recruited the natives to fight and spy for him.
What was one result of the loss of native lives to disease?
A labor shortage
How did Bartolemé de Las Casas affect race relations in the Americas?
He urged for better treatment of native Americans
According to the balance of trade, how could a nation increase its wealth?
It could sell more goods than they buy from other countries
Where did Christopher Columbus believe that he had landed?
On islands off the coast of India
Why was it difficult to keep a candle lit in the cargo hold?
Lack of oxygen
Columbus promised gold to the first sailor to see land in order to prevent what from happening?
From ruining his personal discovery of finding land himself
What was the name of the native girl who helped Cortes?
Malinali (La Malinche)
How were sharks affected by all of the people thrown over the side of the slave ships?
The sharks changed their feeding habitats to follow the oceanic trade routes
What did Bartholomeu Dias sail around?
The Southern tip of Africa (The Cape of Good Hope.)
How did Prince Henry the Navigator get his nickname?
Because he was the one who brought together map makers, mathematicians, and astronomers to study navigation
What is the term describing the practice of overfilling a slave ship with captives?
Tight pack
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The transfer of products from continent to continent
What did Ferdinand Magellan attempt to do?
Explore the South American coast
What role did African society play in the Atlantic Slave Trade?
They raided for slaves and acted as middlemen with European and Arab purchasers
What three things motivated the Spanish Conquistador?
1.God
2.Glory
3.Gold
How does a joint-stock company work?
It sells stock, or shares enabling large and small investors to share the profits and risks of a trading voyage
The “New World” was renamed after which explorer?
Amerigo Vespucci
What is the Middle passage?
The segment of travel between Africa and the Americas
Who introduced the grid system to map making?
Ptolemy
Which culture invented the magnetic compass?
Chinese
What is mercantilism?
The theory that a state’s power depended on its wealth
What was the name of the first permanent English settlement in North America?
Jamestown, Virginia
What was the main cause of the decrease of the native population in the Americas?
Disease
Which explorer was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa to India?
Vasco da Gama
Name the first European country to explore the Atlantic Ocean in search of a sea route to Asia.
Portugal
Who conquered Atahualpa and the Inca Empire?
Francisco Pizarro
Which early European explorer is the first to sail around the southern tip of South America?
Ferdinand Magellan
Who inspired the Age of Exploration by recruiting sailors to search for a water route to the eastern spice trade areas?
Prince Henry the Navigator
Which early European explorer was the first to see the Pacific Ocean and name it the South Sea?
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Name three improvements to navigation during the early Age of Exploration.
- Lateen sails
- Magnetic compass
- Astrolabe
During the Atlantic Slave trade, which group made up the majority of kidnapped African individuals?
Men
How did the Atlantic Slave Trade lead to a racist view of the African people by the Europeans?
Europeans now only saw Africans as “laborers” and no longer as people.
What would the kidnapped Africans do to avoid being taken to the Americas on a slave ship?
They would jump off the ship or starve themselves
Name three ways that kidnapped Africans were treated by their captors.
1.chained together.
2.tortured and unrightly punished.
3.living in unhealthy conditions.
What was African society like before the start of the Atlantic Slave Trade?
Good, with city-states each with their own language and culture
Name three ways that the African Slave Trade negatively impacted African society.
1.created an atmosphere of violence.
2.depopulation.
3.no economic or agricultural development.
Name three ways that Malinali helped Cortes.
1.interpreter.
2.advisor.
3.translator.
Name three ways that women were treated on the slave ship.
1.abused by captors.
2.could walk freely on the ship.(not chained)
3.sometimes breaded and left with their children.
When was a slave “mutiny” most likely to take place during the Middle Passage?
When they were unchained and temporarily free
What happened to the enslaved Africans after they arrived in the New World?
They were either given directly to planters or were put into auctions
