History Renaissance Flashcards
Why is the Medici family important to the Italian Renaissance?
for being rulers and supporters of the arts.
What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?
the Holy Bible.
In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the Renaissance Man?
He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist.
What is the practice of selling indulgences?
The clergy sold certificates that reduced the penalties for people’s sins.
Who declared himself the head of the English Church?
Henry VIII.
What was one of John Calvin’s major teachings?
predestination
What kind of person represented the ideal of the “Renaissance man”?
someone who excelled in many areas of study and many skills.
What was an important effect of the invention of the printing press?
It increased literacy & the use of the vernacular while spreading new ideas.
What were Martin Luther’s main beliefs?
The Bible is the sole source of religious truth.
What was the main reason for Henry VIII’s split with the Roman Catholic Church?
His desire for a male heir to take over the throne of England.
What were the main ideas at the Council of Trent?
The Church’s Latin version of the Bible was the only acceptable version.
The Peace of Augsburg ended a war between the supporters of which two groups?
Catholic princes and Protestant princes in the Holy Roman Empire (Germany).
What does it mean to write in the “vernacular”?
writes in a local everyday language of the region.
What earlier cultures did the humanists study?
classical Greek and Roman culture.
Which religion promoted the baptism of adults only?
Anabaptists
What is predestination?
God determines the fate of every person.
Why were the Italians interested in the study of ancient societies?
their Roman heritage and Italy’s contact with the knowledge from the east.
Describe geographically how Europe was religiously divided after the Protestant Reformation.
a Protestant north and a Catholic south.
What was the name of the religious group that wanted to eliminate all aspects of Catholicism from the Anglican Church in England?
Puritans
Which pope hired Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
Pope Julius lI.
What was one of the main criticisms Martin Luther had about the Catholic Church?
certificates of indulgences.
Describe the role of the Jesuits
pursuit of knowledge, missionary work, and complete obedience to the pope.
What is justification by faith?
When a person could be made just or good simply by faith in God’s love and mercy.
What caused the relationship between England and the Catholic Church to weaken and fail?
Henry Vill’s decision to divorce Catherine of Aragon.
How did Gutenberg facilitate the spread of new ideas?
By developing a revolutionary printing method.
What were certificates of indulgences supposed to do?
They were a reduction of punishments for sins.
What did Baroque art emphasize?
drama, emotion, and exaggeration.
Where did the Renaissance begin?
Italy
Name three beliefs of the humanists.
- an admiration of classical cultures.
- people should participate and develop skills in a variety of activities.
- every individual has dignity and worth.
Name three beliefs of Lutheranism
- the importance of an occupation as a vocation.
- the use of the Bible as the sole source of truth.
- the achievement of salvation by faith alone.
Name three things that the printing press allowed to happen
- new ideas were spreading all over Europe.
- books were printed faster.
- more people could afford books.
Name three goals of the Counter-Reformation
- stopping the spread of the Protestantism.
- allowing only one acceptable version of the Bible which is in Latin.
- celebrating Mass in Latin and not in the vernacular.
The Reformation began when Martin Luther posted his 95 theses on the church doors in which country?
Germany
What was the controversy surrounding William Shakespeare?
If he actually wrote all of his pays or not.
What new art medium did Jan Van Eyke introduce?
Oil painting.
How many of Henry VIII’s wives lost her head?
Two.
What did the Peace of Augsburg do?
German princes were told to choose the religion of the region that they controlled.
What was the Renaissance and what does it translate to mean?
A period of profound cultural awakening in Western Europe.
Means “rebirth.”
What was the book the Prince about?
Machiavelli’s effort to provide a guide for political action based on the lessons of history and his own experience as a foreign secretary in Florence.
Which author was known for writing sonnets and is considered the “father of humanism”?
Francesco Petrarcha (Petrarch).
Name the three Italian cities that were important to the development of Renaissance art.
- Florence.
- Venice.
- Rome.
Which Italian Renaissance artist was known for creating the first free-standing nude statue since ancient times?
Donatello
Which Renaissance artist is believed to have belonged to a secret society?
Leonardo da Vinci
Name three ways that the Northern Renaissance was different from the Italian Renaissance.
- Italian Renaissance artists took an interest in ancient art & architecture.
- The Northern Renaissance artists focused on realism and great details.
- The Northern Renaissance artists focused on everyday life.
What inventions did da Vinci sketch?
The helicopter, the tank, and the parachute.
Which da Vinci sketches were published in medical journals?
sketches of the human muscular system.
What were Martin Luther’s intentions when he posted the 95 theses?
To inform people of his ideas and spark a debate about what he considered improper practices and beliefs of the Catholic Church in the hopes of reforming religion.
Name three reasons why indulgences were purchased by parishioners.
the sins of their dead relatives.
What document made the king of England the leader of the English church?
Act of Supremacy.
How did “Bloody” Mary get her nickname?
By ordering the death of English protestants who opposed her.
