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science Period 1 > Science week 5 > Flashcards

Science week 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Nutrients are the substances in food that provide raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all its essential processes.

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2
Q

Why do you need food?

A

Food provides you with materials for growing and for repairing tissues.

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3
Q

What is protein?

A

Proteins are needed for tissue growth.

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4
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Represents the sum of all reactions that takes place within an organism.

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5
Q

What is a calorie?

A

Units to measure energy

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6
Q

What are Vitamins and Minerals?

A

Vitamins and minerals are needed in small amounts to carry out chemical reactions.

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7
Q

How much calories do you need everyday?

A

It depends on you age and health,You need a certain amount of calories each day to meet your body’s energy needs.

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8
Q

Why is water needed in the body?

A

Water is important because the chemical reactions take place in water:blood flows due to water;joint lubricated by water;body temperature is regulated by water.The human body is 60-75% water

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9
Q

How do you burn calories?

A

The number of calories you burn depends on your weight as well as your level of activity.The more active you are,the more calories you burn.

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10
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrates are nutrients which are composed of carbon,oxygen,and hydrogen,are a major source of energy.

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11
Q

What are simple Carbohydrates?

A

Simple carbohydrates are also known as sugars.One sugar,glucoseis the major source of energy for you bodys cells.

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12
Q

What are Complex carbohydrates?

A

Complex carbohydrates are made up of many sugar molecules linked together in a chain.

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13
Q

What are fats?

A

Like carbohydrates,fats are energy containing nutrients that are composed of carbon,oxygen,and hydrogen.However fats contain more than twice the energy of an equal amount of carbs.

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14
Q

What is the Circulatory system?

A

The circulatory system consists of the heart,blood vessels,and blood.This system carries need substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells.

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15
Q

What are some different kinds of fats?

A

Fats may be classified as unsaturated or saturated based on their chemical structure.Unsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature.Most cooking oils are unsaturated fats.Saturated fats are usually solid.

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16
Q

What part does the heart play in the cardiovascular system?

A

The heart pumps blood throughout the body,without the heart the body cant live.

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17
Q

What is the hearts structure like?

A

The right side of the heart is completely separated from the left side by a wall of tissue called the septum.Each side has two compartments,or chambers-Each of the two chambers are called atrium.

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18
Q

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

A

The atrium

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19
Q

What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

A

Ventricles

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20
Q

What is the function/purpose of the ventricles?

A

They pump blood out of the heart.

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21
Q

What is a valve’s purpose?

A

A valve is a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backward.

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22
Q

What is aorta?

A

A vein that leads to the left atrium and ventricle.

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23
Q

What is the superior Vena Cava?

A

Vein that leads to the right atrium and ventricle.

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24
Q

What is the purpose/function of the atrium?

A

Receive blood that comes into the heart.

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25
Q

How does the heart regulate its beat?

A

A group of heart cells called the pacemaker sends out signals that make the heart muscle contract.

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26
Q

Why does the heart beat irregularly sometimes?

A

When the pacemaker becomes damaged as a result of a disease or accident causes slow or irregular heart beat.

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27
Q

What are the two loops your blood travel in?

A

In the first loops blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart.In the second loop,blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and then returns again to the heart.

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28
Q

What are the Arteries?

A

When blood leaves the heart it travels through blood vessels called arteries.

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29
Q

What is the purpose for arteries?

A

The arteries go to the lungs.

30
Q

What is pulse?

A

the heart rate, or the number of times your heart beats in one minute

31
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Capillaries are small arteries where materials are exchanged between the blood and the body’s cells.

32
Q

What are veins?

A

blood vessels located throughout the body that collect oxygen-poor blood and return it to your heart.

33
Q

What causes blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure is caused by the force with which the ventricles contract.

34
Q

What is blood composition?

A

Blood is made up of four components:plasma,red blood cells,white blood cells,and platelets.

35
Q

What is plasma?

A

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood.

36
Q

What does plasma do?

A

Plasma carries nutrients,such as glucose,fats,vitamins,and minerals.

37
Q

What are red blood cells for?

A

Red blood cells take up oxygen in the lungs and deliver it elsewhere in the body.

38
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that binds chemically to oxygen molecules.

39
Q

What are white blood cells for?

A

White blood cells are the body’s disease fighters.They recognize harmful bacteria and protect the body from diseases.

40
Q

What is the immune system?

A

Consists of white blood cells,blood clots and platlets,It fights dieases and sicknesses from the body.

41
Q

What are platelets?

A

Platelets help blood form blood clots.

42
Q

What are the different types of blood?

A

A,B,AB,O

43
Q

What are marker molecules?

A

Your plasma contains clumping proteins that recognize red blood cells “foreign”markers.

44
Q

What is a blood transfusion?

A

transfer of blood from one organism to another organism; if blood clumps, clogs capillaries, results in death

45
Q

What is a safe blood transfusion?

A

If you have the same marker molecules as another or if its blood type O you can receive that blood.

46
Q

What is the Rh factor?

A

Surface molecules found on red blood cells.

47
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

Cleans and return fluid to circulatory system

48
Q

What are Lymph nodes?

A

Traps invading micro organisms-filter

49
Q

What is respiration?

A

Is the chemical reaction of sugar,oxygen,energy,CO2,and water vapor.Its the opposite of photosynthesis.

50
Q

What is the path of air?

A

Nose,Pharynx,Larynx,Trachea,Epiglottis,Bronchi,and lungs.

51
Q

What is the nose?

A

air enters through openings in the nose called nostrils.

52
Q

What is mucus?

A

Its a thick substance that moistens the air and traps particles from the air.

53
Q

What is the Pharynx?

A

throat;shared with digestive system

54
Q

What is the larynx?

A

Voice box;Vocal chords

55
Q

What is the trachea?

A

Windpipe;tube from pharynx to bronchus

56
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

Its a flap over the trachea during swallowing food and liquids to prevent it going down the wrong pipe.

57
Q

What is the bronchi?

A

tube branches within lungs

58
Q

What are the lungs?

A

Organ that transfers gases from the environment (atmosphere) into or out of the Circulatory System.

59
Q

What is the alveoli?

A

grape like structures at end of bronchioles surrounded by capillaries.

60
Q

What is the gas exchange?

A

Oxygen enters and CO2 / H2O(water) leaves the Circulatory System thru the lung’s alveoli (capillary walls) by osmosis

61
Q

What is the excretory system?

A

Its a system that collects and removes wastes

62
Q

What are the excretory organs?

A

Kidneys,lungs,skin,ureter,urinary bladder,and urethra

63
Q

What are the kidneys?

A

Organ which removes liquid waste from the blood;a “filter”humans have 2 kidneys

64
Q

What is a nephron?

A

filter which removes liquid toxins and reabsorbs water/saves water.

65
Q

What is the liver?

A

The liver converts part of the hemoglobin molecule from old red blood cells into substances such as bile.Like a recycling facility.

66
Q

What is Urea?

A

Urea breaks down protein.

67
Q

What is the ureter?

A

Tube which connects from kidneys to urinary bladder.

68
Q

What is the urinary bladder?

A

saclike muscular organ which stores urine

69
Q

What is the urethra?

A

Tube which connects urinary bladder to outside of body.

70
Q

How do the lungs and skin remove waste from the body?

A

When you exhale,carbon dioxide and some water are removed from the body by the lungs.Sweat glands in the skin also serve and excretory function because water and urea are excreted in perspiration.

science Period 1 (10 decks)

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