Genetics flashcards
What is a nucleus?
membrane bound control center of a cell containing x-shaped structures called chromosomes.
What is a chromosome?
X-shaped structure consisting of a single DNA molecule.
What is a DNA molecule?
consisting of genes,the ¨code of life¨
What is an organism?
1/2 genes mom + 1/2 genes dad
What is the cell cycle?
It starts with the interphase Then mitosis,and cytokinesis
What is the interphase?
chromosomes can not be seen; doubling of chromosomes; nuclear membrane present; 99% of cell life.
WHat is Prophase?
spindle fibers form; chromosomes seen (randomly arranged).
What is Metaphase?
chromosomes line up in the Middle, no nuclear membrane.
What is Anaphase?
chromosomes move Apart (Away)
What is cytokinesis?
Two separated daughter cells form.
What is mitosis?
Cell division and Asexual reproduction
What is cell division?
growth (embryo, fetus, infancy → adulthood) and repair/maintanence of an organism
What is asexual reproduction?
1 parent / 2 daughter cells parent/daughter cells identical appearance (genes) parent/daughter cell same number of chromosomes
What is meiosis?
Sexual reproduction(sperm and egg)
What is Cancer?
abnormal cell division; uncontrolled
mitosis; certain DNA mutations cause cells to
divide in an uncontrolled way.
What is the cause of cancer?
- Mutations are caused by:
1] Chemicals
2] Radiation
Chernobyl
3] Hereditary (ex: breast cancer)
What are some treatments for cancer?
surgery, radiation, drugs,
immunotherapy.
How do you prevent cancer?
avoid smoking, eat a healthy diet,
protect skin from bright sunlight.
What is The female sex chromosome?
XX
What is the Male sex chromosome?
XY
What is the purpose of a punnett square?
is a technique used to predict what percentage of offspring (children) will be likely to have a particular trait (physical feature).
What is a trait?
physical (behavioral) feature of organism
What is a gene?
allele (dad) + allele (mom)
What is an allele
(part of gene) = T or t
