Genetics flashcards

Question 1

What is a nucleus?

Answer 1

membrane bound control center of a cell containing x-shaped structures called chromosomes.

Question 2

What is a chromosome?

Answer 2

X-shaped structure consisting of a single DNA molecule.

Question 3

What is a DNA molecule?

Answer 3

consisting of genes,the ¨code of life¨

Question 4

What is an organism?

Answer 4

1/2 genes mom + 1/2 genes dad

Question 5

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 5

It starts with the interphase Then mitosis,and cytokinesis

Question 6

What is the interphase?

Answer 6

chromosomes can not be seen; doubling of chromosomes; nuclear membrane present; 99% of cell life.

Question 7

WHat is Prophase?

Answer 7

spindle fibers form; chromosomes seen (randomly arranged).

Question 8

What is Metaphase?

Answer 8

chromosomes line up in the Middle, no nuclear membrane.

Question 9

What is Anaphase?

Answer 9

chromosomes move Apart (Away)

Question 10

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 10

Two separated daughter cells form.

Question 11

What is mitosis?

Answer 11

Cell division and Asexual reproduction

Question 12

What is cell division?

Answer 12

growth (embryo, fetus, infancy → adulthood) and repair/maintanence of an organism

Question 13

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 13

1 parent / 2 daughter cells parent/daughter cells identical appearance (genes) parent/daughter cell same number of chromosomes

Question 14

What is meiosis?

Answer 14

Sexual reproduction(sperm and egg)

Question 15

What is Cancer?

Answer 15

abnormal cell division; uncontrolled
mitosis; certain DNA mutations cause cells to
divide in an uncontrolled way.

Question 16

What is the cause of cancer?

Answer 16

• Mutations are caused by:
  1] Chemicals
  2] Radiation
  Chernobyl
  3] Hereditary (ex: breast cancer)

Question 17

What are some treatments for cancer?

Answer 17

surgery, radiation, drugs,
immunotherapy.

Question 18

How do you prevent cancer?

Answer 18

avoid smoking, eat a healthy diet,
protect skin from bright sunlight.

Question 19

What is The female sex chromosome?

Answer 19

XX

Question 20

What is the Male sex chromosome?

Answer 20

XY

Question 21

What is the purpose of a punnett square?

Answer 21

is a technique used to predict what percentage of offspring (children) will be likely to have a particular trait (physical feature).

Question 22

What is a trait?

Answer 22

physical (behavioral) feature of organism

Question 23

What is a gene?

Answer 23

allele (dad) + allele (mom)

Question 24

What is an allele

Answer 24

(part of gene) = T or t

Question 25

What is purebred?

Answer 25

(homozygous)= same alleles (gene); TT, tt

Question 26

What is Hybrid?

Answer 26

(heterozygous)= mixture of alleles (gene); Tt

Question 27

What is dominant?

Answer 27

capital and shows itself (strong); Tt, TT

Question 28

What is recessive?

Answer 28

lowercase and often hidden (weak) except when all alleles (genes) are recessive; tt

Question 29

What is an offspring?

Answer 29

children.

Question 30

What is a genotype?

Answer 30

the genetic makeup of an organism Ex: TT, Tt, tt

Question 31

What is phenotype?

Answer 31

the physical observable appearance of an organism. Ex: tall, short