Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

science Period 1 > INERH Flashcards > Flashcards

INERH Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the immune system?

A

Lines of defense against pathogens and diseases in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Organisms that cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are four types of pathogens?

A

Bacteria,Virus,fungi,protists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do pathogens spread?

A

An infected person,soil,food,water,a contaminated object,an infected animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 lines of defense against pathogens?

A

Skin,Breathing passages,and Mouth & stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the skin defend against pathogens?

A

outer epidermis acts as a barrier speeds up scabbing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the breathing passages defend against pathogens?

A

Nose,mouth,throat contains mucus and cilia trapping and removing pathogens. Coughing/sneezing also removes pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does the mouth and stomach defend against pathogens?

A

saliva and stomach acid can kill pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are antigens?

A

unique surface marker molecules on pathogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an Antibody?

A

molecular tag that attaches to antigen to recognize as foreign.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

WBC’s that can distinguish between different kinds of pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are T-cells?

A

specialized cell that recognizes each kind of pathogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are B-cells?

A

specialized cells that produce specialized antibodies (proteins) that tag the pathogen for destruction. The antibody binds to the antigen on the pathogen, marking it for destruction by the phagocytes.
Page
10
/ 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are phagocytes?

A

a phagocyte is a white blood cell that eats pathogens,destroying them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a toxin?

A

A toxin is a poison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

WHat is the inflammatory response?

A

increase temperature,
accelerate chemical
reactions, prevent
microorganisms from
reproducing; dilate
capillary walls to leak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

receives and responds to information gotten both inside and outside of the body; also helps to maintain homeostasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

an environmental signal that an organism reacts to.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a response?

A

what the body does in a reaction to a stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a neuron?

A

specialized cell that carries information; building block of Nervous System.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a Nerve impulse?

A

message/information being carried

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a neuron?

A

consists of nucleus,axon and dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are dendrites?

A

carries impulses toward the cell body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is an axon?

A

carries impulses away from the cell body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are nerve fibers?

A

axons & dendrites

25
Q

What is a nerve?

A

bundle of nerve fibers

26
Q

What is a sensory neuron?

A

picks up stimuli and converts it into an impulse.

27
Q

What is an interneuron?

A

carries impulse from one neuron to another neuron (within brain or spinal cord).

28
Q

What is a motor neuron?

A

brings impulse to muscle or gland which then reacts in response.

29
Q

What is a nerve impulse?

A

begins in a nerve cell’s dendrite, travels down axon to axon tip where it crosses over to the next nerve cell at the synapse

30
Q

What is a synapse?

A

is the gap between the axon tip and the neighboring dendrite. Chemicals (dopamine, seritonine) carry the impulse across the synaptic gap.

31
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

produces hormones which controls/regulates organ & tissue activities; regulates growth & development.

32
Q

WHat is a hormone?

A

keeps the human organ systems in balance / stability / harmony homeostasis)

33
Q

What is Hypothalamus?

A

linked to Nervous System; maintains Homeostasis& control of pituitary gland.

34
Q

What is the pituiary gland?

A

growth, blood pressure, water balance regulates; signals thyroid gland to produce hormones.

35
Q

What is the thyroid gland?

A

produces hormones; controls energy inside cell

36
Q

What is the parathyroid?

A

regulates blood calcium

37
Q

What is Thymus?

A

produces hormones; controls energy inside cell

38
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

controls blood sugar

39
Q

What is adrenal?

A

triggers adrenaline during emergency situations

40
Q

What are ovaries?

A

triggers egg development (estrogen); female sexual development (progesterone).

41
Q

What are testes?

A

regulates sperm development; male sexual development (testosterone)

42
Q

What is the negative feedback loop?

A

when the amount of a specific hormone in the blood reaches (rises) to a certain level, the hypothalamus sends a signal to stop the release of that hormone (homeostasis). If the hormone level drops, a signal is sent to the hypothalamus to release the hormone.

43
Q

What is the male reproductive system?

A

produces sperm and hormone testosterone; consists of testes, scrotum, penis.

44
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

external pouch containing testes.

45
Q

What is semen?

A

mixture of sperm cells and fluids

46
Q

What is the penis?

A

male sex organ; contains end of urethra where urine/semen leave the body

47
Q

What is the female reproductive system?

A

produces eggs and hormones estrogen, progesterone; consists of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina.

48
Q

what are fallopian tubes?

A

connects ovary (egg) to uterus; where fertilization occurs. Each month, one of the ovaries releases an egg.

49
Q

What is the uterus?

A

hollow muscular organ; the zygote develops (embryo,fetus,newborn) in the uterus

50
Q

What is the vagina?

A

opening between uterus and outside body.

51
Q

What is a zygote?

A

fertilized egg= 46 chromosomes

52
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

X-shaped structure in cell’s nucleus contains units called genes which carries genetic information (inherited traits).

53
Q

What is an embryo?

A

from “two cell stage” to 8 weeks; cell division occurs.

54
Q

What is a fetus?

A

baby developed for 3-9 months

55
Q

What is fertilization?

A

joining of sperm and egg forming zygote.

56
Q

What is an amniotic sac?

A

fluid filled sac that cushions/protects embryo/fetus

57
Q

What is placenta?

A

regulating organ between baby & mother; nutrients/oxygen in & waste out

58
Q

What is the umbilical cord?

A

Umbilical cord: connects fetus to placenta (belly button)

59
Q

What is labor?

A

strong muscular contractions of uterus, cervix (opening) enlarges

60
Q

What is Puberty?

A

At 12-14 yrs, ability to reproduce; produce baby

science Period 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions