Science Week 4-6 Flashcards
– has properties of waves and particles
– bounce off from reflecting surface called reflection
Lights
– bouncing back of light
Reflection
– the reflective image has a smooth surface
Specular
the reflecting surface is rough then the reflective image will be distorted
Diffuse
has no reflection or light cannot pass through; transfer of energy carried by the light waves to the particles of m
Absorption
scattering of light and follows the law of reflection; the reflection of light
Scattering
Law of reflection
- The angle of incidence is equal to the angle
- The incident ray, the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence, and the reflected ray all lie in the same place
– any surface that is smooth to produce regular reflection of incidence upon it
Mirrors
– produce regular reflection of light and follows the law of reflection Produces virtual, upright, semi size to object, same distance behind mirror, and laterally
reversed
Plane mirror
– curved mirrors that can produce images that are different in shape, size, and
orientation with respect to the original object
Spherical mirror
– inward (converging mirror); real or virtual, larger, same size,
smaller than the object
Concave mirror
- outward (diverging mirror); reflected rays scatter or spread;
virtual, upright, and smaller than the object
Convex mirror
-if the distance of the object is less than the focal length
-if the object is between the mirror and the focus, it will be right side up and larger
Virtual
- if the distance is greater than the focal length of the lens
-farther than the focus, may appear upside-down, larger, or smaller
Real
– bending of light as it passes from one medium to another
– change in the direction of light when it passes from 1 medium to another of different
optical density
Refraction
– is the effect associated with the separation of light into colors by a prism
Dispersion
Laws of refraction
1) Incident ray, refracted ray, and normal lies on the same plane
2) Denser to less dense bends away from normal
3) Less dense to denser bends toward normal
4) If the light hits the surface straight on (perpendicular), it doesn’t bend at all
- is any transparent object with two nonparallel curved surface, or one plane surface
and one curved surface
Lens
-thicker in the middle; are called converging lenses because they bend (refract) parallel light rays toward each other, meeting at a single point
called the principal focus (F)
Convex lens
– thinner middle and thick edges; is a diverging lens because it
spreads parallel light rays outward
Concave lens
the point through will all light rays pass without being bent
Optical center
is the distance from optical center to the principal focus
Focal length
front of lens
Principal focus
behind the lenses
Secondary focus
the line joining the optical center and principal focus
Principal axis
– evolves from a latin word/term (camera obscura) meaning dark chamber
Camera
– produces virtual, upright, and enlarge image of an object
Magnifying glass
makes small objects bigger and is invented by father
and son team of Hans and Zacharias Janssen in 1950
Compound microscope
use to differentiate cellular structures and introduced by Camillo Sebastian Nachet
Polarizing microscope
to study cellular compounds like proteins and nucleic acids
Ultraviolet microscope
uses electron beam instead of ordinary light and to
examine size, shape, and arrangement
Electron microscope
– to see distant object appear bigger
Telescope
– first type of telescope and uses refract lens
Refracting telescope
– uses concave mirrors
Reflecting type
Properties of telescope
- How well it collects light
- How much it magnify
Uses to gather light
Aperture
To enlarge image
Magnification
– two refracting telescope mounted side by side
– pair prism
– “zoom lens” essentially a telescope mounted on camera
Binocular telescope
– vector fields that are used to determine the distribution of magnetic force in areas
inside or outside
Magnetic field
– manifest interrelation between magnetism and electricity
Electromagnet
– phenomenon in which electric current is generated by varying magnetic field
– Changing magnetic field produces an electric current
Electromagnetic Induction
– The force between the velocity and magnetic field are acting perpendicularly, the right-
hand rule is used to determine the right direction of magnetic force
Right hand rule
– change in magnetic flux, induces a current (hence induced emf)
Faraday’s law
– paved the way for generating electricity, through the process known as
electromagnetic induction
Michael faraday
– proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux.
Induced EMF
– the strength of a magnetic field measured in terms of the number of lines of force
Magnetic flux
– the flux per unit area of a loop of wire perpendicular to the field.
Magnetic field
– polarity of an induced EMF is such that it tends to produce a current which opposes
the change in the magnetic flux
Lenz Law
converts electrical energy to mechanical energy
Motors
converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
Generators
