English WEEK 1-2 Flashcards
Name of the paper
Title
short summary of the whole paper
Abstract
what the paper is about and its importance
Introduction
what others have already said about the topic
Literature review
how you did your research
Methodology
what you found or outcome
Results
discuss why it matters and results
Discussion
final summary of what you learned
Conclusion
list of books, articles, and sources you used
Reference
– to be tested by observation
– assumption or own claim
Theory
– is a concept; in form of issue, phenomenon, or problem
– formulating questions to answer
– conceptual level of observation that is from the abstract and concrete
conceptualization
– how you gather data for example survey, questionnaire, and respondents
Quantitative
– through thoughts and experiences of people for example interview and
participants
Qualitative
– converting abstract ideas, notion, or concept
– where is action is being done
Operationalization
– refers to a person, place, thing, or phenomenon
Variable
researchers can control, influences and cause changes, what
is being predicted
Dependent variable
have influence on the dependent variable, might
cause the change, controlled by researches
Independent variable
a statement, fact, question, or quote to grab attention
Hook or lead
provides the context or background information about the issue, problem, or topic
Background
directly or indirectly express the author’s position and
the reasons for their viewpoint on the topic
Thesis statement
explain the reasons for the author’s opinion. Each reason
should have its own paragraph that discusses and supports it. The author
can use facts, statistics, personal experiences, or expert opinions to
strengthen their argument.
Reasons
Effective argumentative essay writers acknowledge
the ideas or counterarguments of those who may disagree with them
Counter argument
They dedicate one paragraph to discussing the opposing view
while also explaining why this viewpoint is flawed or questionable
Refutation
This part may restate the author’s position and reasons to summarize the main points. It can also tell the audience what to do next, acting as a call to action
Conclusion
supports a particular fact or opinion
Affirmation
denial of a particular or opinion
Negotiation