SCIENCE WEEK 2B - Nervous System Flashcards
is a change in internal conditions, which is measured by different receptors.
Stimulus
are any of the body structures that sense an incoming stimulus
Receptors
it is the Hypothalamus and identifies the stimulus as received by the receptors and compares it with the value of the normal range or the condition’s set point.
Control Center
the change returns the value to normal range.
Effectors
functions for transmitting messages from one body part to
another
Nerve cells or Neurons
to protect and assist neurons
Supporting cells
2 types of nerve fibers
Dendrites and Axon
- towards the cell body, highly branched, more numerous, shorter, thinner fibers
Dendrites (thin)
- slightly-branched, fewer, longer, thicker fibers, away from the cell body
Axons (thick)
carry impulses from the sense organs to the brain or spinal cord
Sensory Neurons
carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles
Motor Neurons
process the impulses from the sensory neurons,and then relay directives to motor neurons.
Associative Neurons or Interneurons
serves as a pathway of nerve impulses going to or coming from the brain
Spinal Cord
voluntary actions
Somatic nervous system
Involuntary action
Autonomic nervous system
is a control system to reduce or minimize any changes or
conditions of the body, which keeps the whole body system stable. ex. blood pressure regulation
Negative feedback
is a control system which uses information from sensors to
increase the rate of processes. ex. childbirth
Positive feedback
Seat of thinking, reasoning, and power of imagination; sensory-motor coordination; origin of all cerebral functions
Gray matter
Relays impulses between the cortex and the rest of the brain and spinal cord
White matter
For language, logic, and mathematics
Left cerebral hemisphere
For spatial perception, musical ability, artistic ability, and emotions
Right cerebral hemisphere
Directs all incoming sensory information to the cortex; handles outgoing motor impulses
Thalamus
Maintains homeostasis; regulates many hormones, blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, hunger, thirst, and emotions
Hypothalamus
Relays sensory information to the cerebrum; coordinates eye reflexes; also helps regulate sleep
Midbrain
Relays information between the spinal cord and the brain through their sensory and motor neurons; regulates breathing, heartbeat, and digestion; also coordinates walking and other movements of the body
Pons and Medulla Oblongata
Regulates balance and muscle coordination
Cerebellum
Cerebrum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus
Forebrain
Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Cerebellum
Hindbrain
