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Science > Science Unit D > Flashcards

Science Unit D Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a solid structure?

A

A solid structure is formed from a solid piece of some strong material. A solid structure has little or no space inside and relies on its own mass to resist the forces acting on it. And is usually stronger than a frame or shell structure

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1
Q

What are the three main structural forms?

A

Solid, frame, shell

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2
Q

What is a frame structure?

A

A frame structure is made up of rid hid arrangement of parts or structural components fastened together. The strength of a frame structure comes from the way it is joined. It is not as strong individually.

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3
Q

What is a shell structure?

A

A shell structure has a solid outer face, which may be rounded or flat in shape and hollow on the inside. Shell structures with a solid outer face is stronger than than those with a flat outer face because the curved areas distribute the load around the whole surface.

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4
Q

What structures designed to do?

A

Serve more than one function

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5
Q

What does an airplane serve as its functions?

A

It provides movement and shelter

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6
Q

How can technological problems in n structures be solved?

A

Using many different structural designs, materials and processes

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7
Q

How do some people get ideas on different types of structures?

A

Looking at the natural world

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8
Q

What are aesthetics?

A

Aesthetics refers to the pleasing appearance or effect that an object has because of its design

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9
Q

Do structures have to be aesthetically pleasing?

A

No, a train track does not have to be beautiful it has one purpose to serve

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10
Q

What is function?

A

What something is made to do

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11
Q

What shows that humans have adapted to the environment around them

A

The way the homes are made and what they are made out of

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12
Q

What kind of houses do countries with hot climates use?

A

They are usually made out of sunbaked brick, clay or, mud

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13
Q

What is a force?

A

A push or pull that tends to cause an object to change its movement or shape

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14
Q

What does the effect of force on a structure depend on?

A

The magnitude
The direction of the force
The location where the force is applied

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15
Q

What happens if the forces magnitude is big?

A

The stronger effect it will have on a structure

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16
Q

What is a Newton?

A

The standard unit for measuring force

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17
Q

1 kg=

A

10 N

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18
Q

What is an external force?

A

It is a force that is applied on a structure by something else

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19
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of matter in an object. The more mass the more gravitational force

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20
Q

What is center of gravity?

A

An imaginary point on a structure where gravity acts

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21
Q

What is symmetry?

A

A balanced arrangement of mass that occurs on opposite sides of a line or plane, or around a center or axis

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22
Q

What factor do engineers need to take into consideration when designing a structure?

A

They have to consider the load it will have to resist

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23
Q

What is a static load?

A

The non-moving load a structure supports

24
Q

What is a dynamic load?

A

An external force that moves or changes with time

25
Q

What is a beam bridge?

A

The most common bridge used. A simple beam bridge is flat and supported at both ends. A longer beam bridge may be supported at its two ends

26
Q

What is a truss bridge?

A

A lightweight but strong bridge made of trusses along its sides

27
Q

What is a suspension bridge?

A

It hangs between two ends that hold it up. And has two towers on each ends that support the main cables. The main cables support the sub cables

28
Q

What is an arch bridge?

A

It is designed to withstand heavy loads. The load of people and traffic causes each piece to push against the peice next to it. And the force is transported to the end supports of which are on the ground.

29
Q

What are performance requirements?

A

How well a structure holds up under the load it was designed to carry is important for safety, cost, and efficiency reasons

30
Q

What are requirements for a water slide?

A

Must be able to support the weight of 200 people at one time plus the weight of water and withstand heavy winds and snow

31
Q

What aware the internal forces?

A

Compression, tension, shear

32
Q

What is compression?

A

It’s a force that acts to squeeze an object or push parts within an object together

33
Q

What is tension?

A

It’s a force that acts to stretch and pull apart something

34
Q

What are complementary forces?

A

An example is bending

35
Q

What is an arch?

A

A common shape in structures that transports all weight to the ground

36
Q

What are beams?

A

It is a flat structure that is supported at each end

37
Q

What is a truss?

A

They are usually in form of interlocking triangles

38
Q

What is a cantilever?

A

It’s a beam that is only supported at one end

39
Q

What is structural fatigue?

A

Permanent change in a structure caused by internal forces such as compression, tension, and shear

40
Q

What are some properties of materials?

A 
Brittleness
Ductility
Hardness
Plasticity
Resistance to heat
Resistance to water
Compression
Tensile strength
41
Q

What is deformation?

A

It is the change in shape of a structure

42
Q

What is flexibility?

A

The ability of a structure to be bent under force without breaking

43
Q

What is friction?

A

the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.

Via:Wikipedia

44
Q

What are joints that rely on friction?

A

When a nail, screw, tack, or rivet is used to hold something together

45
Q

What is a joint that relies on bonding?

A

It changes the two surfaces being joined so that they are connected by a common material

46
Q

What is a fixed joint?

A

They are ridged to prevent movement

47
Q

What is a movable joint?

A

They are flexible or mobile so that the parts of the structure can be moved as required

48
Q

What are muscles and tendons?

A

They allow your skeletal frame to move. They are made of fibrous tissue that functions by contracting and relaxing. Tendons are strong and flexible.

49
Q

What are joints?

A

They allow movement in the body

50
Q

What is skin?

A

It forms a shell and frame structure. Skin is tough flexible material. It provides ultimate structural shelter

51
Q

What is margin of safety?

A

It refers to the limits within which a structures safety performance is felt to be acceptable

52
Q

How can you tell how safe a structure is?

A

They usually see how well it can withstand forces acting on it

53
Q

What is sometimes hard about building?

A

Unstable soil, steep ground

54
Q

How can you make materials stronger?

A

You can combine materials and components in new arrangements

55
Q

What is corrugation?

A

It is the process of forming a material into wave like ridges or folds.

56
Q

What is lamination?

A

Gluing layers of material together to create a strong bond

57
Q

What are important questions that are needed to be asked when building anything?

A

Cost, benefits, safety, impact on the environment

Science (11 decks)

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