Science Unit C Sec 1&2 Flashcards
What is matter made out of?
All matter is made up of tiny particles. Different matter is made of different particles
What is particle of matter?
It is a scientific of the tiny particles that make up all things
Complete the sentence: The more energy (heat) they have (the particles)…
The faster they move
Can particles be attracted or bonded together?
Yes
Are particles tightly squeezed together?
No
What three states can matter change to?
Solid state, liquid state, gas state.
What is the solid state of water?
Ice at 0 degrees Celsius
What is the melting point of water?
0 degrees Celsius
What is the boiling point of water?
The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius
What is condensation?
Condensation occurs when water changes from liquid to gas state
What does adding heat energy to object do?
It can change the state of matter the substance is in
When heat is added to a substance…?
The particles in the substance move faster
When heat is lost from a substance…?
The particles move slower
The motion of the particles increases when…
The temperature increases
The motion of the particles decreases when…?
The temperature decreases
Where does heat energy transfer to and from?
Heat energy transfers from high temperature matter to low temperature matter
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of movement
How can kinetic energy become higher?
When heat is added to matter, the kinetic energy becomes higher
Why is gas able to be easily compacted?
Because of the spaces between the particles
Why can’t liquid be compacted down very far?
Because liquid takes the shape of its container and has very little shape inside
What is temperature?
Temperature is the measure of how hot or cold matter is. Temperature indicates the average energy (speed)- kinetic energy- of the particles in motion
What is heat capacity?
Heat capacity is the amount of thermal that warms or cools an object. It depends on the mass and the type of particle the object is made out of
What is specific heat capacity?
It is the amount of energy that warms or cools 1 gram of a specific type of of particle
What is thermal energy?
The thermal energy of a substance is the total kinetic energy of all the particles the substance contains
What is energy?
Energy is the measure of a substance ability to do work or cause changes
When do particle changes happen?
When there is a difference in energy
How is the total kinetic energy in a substance determined?
The total kinetic energy a substance had is determined by the amount of thermal energy in a given amount of volume. The more volume the more particles the more kinetic energy
What does a change in temperature depend on?
It depends on the amount of particles affected
What is energy?
Energy is a condition or quality that a substance has.
What is thermal energy?
It is the total kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance
What is heat?
Heat is the energy that transfers from a substance who’s particles have a higher kinetic energy to a substance with lower kinetic energy
What is temperature?
Temperature is the the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
What were the first thermometer called
200 B.C
The first thermometer were called thermoscopes
History of thermometers
1959s
Several inventors had variations of the thermometer
1630s?
early thermometers didn’t have scale markings
1701s?
First practical thermometers that used red wine
Who invented Fahrenheit?
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
1714?
First Mercury thermometer
1742?
Anders Celsius used degrees as a unit of temperature to make ha markings
1852
Lord kelvin invented the Kelvin scale extreme heat and extreme cold
1861
Electrical resistance thermometer
1970s?
Eat thermometer
What is thermal expansion?
It is the process of expansion of a substance caused by an increase of thermal energy
Expansion and contraction in solids?
Solids can become longer or shorter depending on temperature
Expansion and contraction in liquids
When particles in liquid are heated their average energy increases and they need mor room so they expand
When temperature decreases in liquid they contract and become smaller because they need less room
Expansion and contraction in gases
When the gas particles are heated their average kinetic energy is higher and the need more room to expand
When heat energy is taken away the volume decreases and it contracts
What is volume
The amount of space a substance occupies
What is the shape of water in solid state?
They keep their size and shape
What is the size and shape of water in liquid form?
It takes the shape of its container
What is the size and shape of water in gas form?
It has no definite size or shape
What is thermal conduction?
It is the process of transferring thermal energy by direct collisions of the particles
What are good conducting materials?
Materials where there is little or no space between the particles like most metals
What is an insulator
They are materials that don’t easily transfer heat
What is convection?
Convection is when warmer particles their energy to the cooler particles as they move in a circular pattern, called convection current
What is radiation?
It is the transfer of heat without any movement of matter
What is electromagnetic radiation?
Electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) is a form of radiant energy released by certain electromagnetic processes. Visible light is one type of electromagnetic radiation, and in some contexts light can refer to all EMR.
What are some forms of EMR
X-Rays, sunlight, microwaves, radio and gamma rays
Why does absorption occur?
It occurs if energy penetrates part way into the object
Why does reflection occur?
If the radian energy cannot penetrate the surface
Why does transmission occur
If the energy penetrates completely
Where does natural radiation come from?
It can come from outer space
What are natural sources of thermal energy?
Living organisms: They burn food in their bodies to generate body heat.
Composter: It is another source of thermal energy. They break down food.
What is chemical energy?
Transformed into thermal energy when wood or coal is burned.
What is geothermal energy?
Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. It’s clean and sustainable.
What are some examples of geothermal energy?
Volcanoes, hot springs, geysers ect
What is HRD?
Hot dry rock. Used as another technique to generate thermal energy.
Water is pumped into cracks in the earths crust and it returns to the surface as steam, which can be used to generate electricity
What is wind energy?
Energy of moving air, and is the result of solar energy and convection. As the sun heats up warm air rises and cools off. Cooler air falls it creates convection currents called thermals
What is mechanical forces?
Push or pull objects often release thermal energy, as do frictional forces
How is electricity produced?
Hydro-electric dams: It uses the water to turn the turbines which are attached to generators
What is passive solar heating?
Uses the materials in the structure to absorb, store and release the solar energy
