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Science > science test #3 cell membrane > Flashcards

science test #3 cell membrane Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define passive transport

A

a type of transport that requires no energy/atp (moves materials along concentration gradient) (LOW -> HIGH)

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2
Q

define active transport

A

a type of transport that requires energy/atp (moves materials against concentration gradient) (HIGH -> LOW)

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3
Q

What are the steps for passive transport?

A

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

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4
Q

what are the steps for active transport?

A

Endocytosis, exocytosis, Na-K pump

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5
Q

What is permeability?

A

The degree to which a cell membrane allows substances to pass through.

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6
Q

What is a semi-permeable membrane?

A

A membrane that only allows certain substances to pass through.

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7
Q

What is an in-permeable membrane?

A

A membrane that allows no substances to pass through

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8
Q

What is a fully permeable membrane?

A

A membrane that allows all substances to pass through

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9
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A

The model we use today to represent a cell membrane’s structure

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10
Q

define endocytosis

A

A process in which molecules are entering the cell. (there are 3 types of endocytosis)

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11
Q

define exocytosis

A

A process in which molecules are exiting the cell

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of endocytosis?

A

Pinocytosis, Receptor-mediated cytosis, and phagocytosis.

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13
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Pinocytosis is a form of active transport, the most common form of endocytosis. Materials dissolve in water to be brought into the cell.

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14
Q

What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?

A

When integral proteins have receptors on them in order to take in proteins/ substances. A type of active transport.

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15
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

A type of active transport. It is used to engulf large particles in vesicles.

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16
Q

Who discovered cells?

A

Robert E. Hooke.

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17
Q

What is tonicity?

A

It describes how an extracellular solution can change the volume of a cell by affecting osmosis.

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18
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

It describes the total solute dissolved in a solution (expressed as osmoles of solute per liter of water)

19
Q

What does low osmolarity indicate?

A

That there is a a greater number of water molecules relative to the number of solute particles.

20
Q

What does high osmolarity indicate?

A

That there is a fewer number of water molecules with respect to the number of solute particles.

21
Q

Define hypotonic

A

Extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, and water enters the cell (cell will burst)

22
Q

Define hypertonic

A

Extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the cells fluid. (cell will shrink due to lack of water)

23
Q

Define isotonic

A

Extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell (no net movement of water in and out) (cell retains shape) (cell is at equilibrium)

24
Q

Define equilibrium.

A

Also called homeostasis, it is a state of balance between the number of a certain type of particle on each side of the membrane.

25
Q

What are the two types of transport proteins?

A

Channel and carrier

26
Q

What is the difference between channel and carrier proteins

A

Channel proteins are always passive, whereas carrier proteins can be both.

27
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

Movement down the concentration gradient. (PASSIVE TRANSPORT) Simple diffusion does not require the assistance of membrane proteins.

28
Q

the cell membrane is known as ___________________.

A

A phospholipid bi-layer.

29
Q

What is the main goal of a cell?

A

To reach equilibrium.

30
Q

What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

A

Osmosis is specific to water, while diffusion is not.

31
Q

Once a cell reaches equilibrium, what will happen to the molecules?

A

They will continue to move but maintain equilibrium.

32
Q

What is diffusion?

A

A passive process- no energy is used to make molecules move. The movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

33
Q

movement DOWN the concentration gradient is ___________.

A

passive

34
Q

movement AGAINST/ UP the concentration gradient is _______.

A

active

35
Q

What happens when the SA/V ratio is below 1:1?

A

It will not support the cell

36
Q

Will a smaller or larger radius sphere have a larger SA/V ratio?

A

SMALLER

37
Q

What is the formula for volume of a sphere

A

4/3πr

38
Q

What is the formula for surface area of a sphere

A

4πr²

39
Q

What is cytolisis?

A

The desctruction of a cell (swelling/burst) (HYPOTONIC)

40
Q

What is Plasmolysis?

A

The shrinking of a cell (shrinking/shirviling) (HYPERTONIC)

41
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

A type of passive transport, that uses transport proteins to move molecules along the concentration gradient.

42
Q

The heads in a phospholipid bi-layer are made of ________

A

Phosphates

43
Q

The tails in a phospholipid bi-layer are made of ________.

A

Lipids

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