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midterm exam review Flashcards

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1
Q

what is mass number?

A

the decimal at the bottom of an elemental square rounded to the nearest whole number.

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2
Q

how do you find the number of neutrons an atom will have?

A

mass number- proton number (proton number is same as atomic number)

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3
Q

what are the capacities of the energy levels in an atom?

A

2, 8, 8, 8

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4
Q

What is the determining factor of whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Whether it has membrane-bound organelles- nucleus, nucleolus, etc.

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5
Q

lysosomes ____ appear in plant cells

A

rarely

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6
Q

on a heating/cooling curve graph, what type of energy is it when the line is going up/down

A

kinetic

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7
Q

on a heating/cooling curve graph, what type of energy is it when the line is staying the same

A

potential

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8
Q

What is an oxidation/combustion reaction?

A

when oxygen (O2) is a stand alone reactant on the reactant side of the equation.

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9
Q

what is stronger, covalent bonds or ionic bonds?

A

ionic

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10
Q

what is a covalent bond?

A

when elements share electrons, equal sharing holds compounds together. Usually has either silicon or carbon.

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11
Q

what is an ionic bond?

A

form when elements lose/gain electrons in order to form ions, compounds are held together by the difference in charge. (positive attracts negative) form usually when elements involved are far apart on the PT.

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12
Q

what are the 5 types of mixture seperation?

A

distillation, evaporation, manual separation, filtration, and magnetism

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13
Q

what is distillation?

A

seperating two liquids that have different boiling points.

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14
Q

what is evaporation?

A

boiling away the solvent in a solution and allowing any remaining residue/solute to be seperated

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15
Q

what is manual seperation

A

use of hands/forceps to remove large particles from a mixture.

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16
Q

what is filtration

A

using filter paper to trap larger sized particles while smaller sized particles pass through (like a semi permeable membrane)

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17
Q

what is magnetism

A

use of a magnet to remove metals that have magnetic properties from a mixture

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18
Q

what are the 3 types of solution?

A

solutions, suspensions, and colloids.

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19
Q

A. heating graph
B. cooling graph

which of the above graphs show increasing kinetic energy?

A

A. heating graph

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20
Q

if the plateaus of two graphs happen at the same points/ y level, is it the same substance?

A

yes.

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21
Q

if the plateaus of two graphs happen at different points/ y level, is it the same substance?

A

no

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22
Q

in what state of matter do particles not exchange places?

A

solid

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23
Q

O ₂ + C ₂ O —> C ₂ O ₂

what type of a reaction is this?

A

combustion/oxidation/synthesis

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24
Q

what is the law of conservation of mass?

A

matter cannot be created nor destroyed but it can be converted to alternate forms of energy

25
Q

when balancing a chemical equation, do you EVER change subscripts?

A

nope

26
Q

what is the ____ of protons
1. symbol
2. location
3. charge
4. mass

A
  1. p+
  2. in the nucleus
  3. +1
  4. 1 amu
27
Q

what is the ____ of neutrons
1. symbol
2. location
3. charge
4. mass

A
  1. n⁰
  2. in the nucleus
  3. none/neutral
  4. 1 amu
28
Q

what is the ____ of electrons
1. symbol
2. location
3. charge
4. mass

A
  1. e⁻
  2. in electron cloud
  3. -1
  4. negligible ~0
29
Q

what are valence electrons?

A

electrons on the outermost energy levels of the electron cloud.

30
Q

Who was john dalton and what advancements did he make to atomic theory?

A

ideas of law of conservation of mass and law of constant composition came from his work. preformed a number of experiments

31
Q

who was JJ thompson and what advancements did he make to atomic theory?

A

provided first hint that an atom is ade of smaller particles. Plum pudding model

32
Q

who was ernest rutherford and what advancements did he make to atomic theory?

A

gold foil model. idea that center of an atom is a nucleus

33
Q

who was neils bohr and what advancements did he make to atomic theory?

A

bohr model. every electron has a space. idea that electrons orbit nucleus

34
Q

who was democritus and what advancements did he make to atomic theory?

A

began search of matter. thought atoms were small hard particles

35
Q

what is a period number?

A

tell you how many energy levels there will be in an atom. divided into rows

36
Q

what is a group number?/

A

tell you amount of valence electrons. divided into columns

37
Q

what is atomic number

A

number at top

38
Q

what is atomic mass

A

decimal

39
Q

what is element symbol

A

the letter(s)

40
Q

what is mass number

A

decimal rounded

41
Q

atoms combine in…?

A

whole number ratios (no decimals and DEFINITLEY no fractions)

42
Q

what is the universal solvent

A

water

43
Q

what are the two most reactive metals

A

francium and flourine

44
Q

what are some properties of metals?

A

they are shiny, good heat conductors, good electricity conductors, malleable, and ductile.

45
Q

what are some properties of nonmetals

A

dull, dont conduct heat, dont conduct electricity, brittle, nonmalleable

46
Q

what are some properties of metalloids

A

have properties of both metals and nonmetals

47
Q

can you see through a colliod or suspension?

A

no

48
Q

what group # is halogems?

A

17

49
Q

what group # is alkali metals

A

1

50
Q

hat group is alkaline earth metals

A

2

51
Q

the nucleus is ____ charged

A

positivley

52
Q

how do electrons in the same atom differ?

A

their energy levels can be different

53
Q

what subatomic particle identifies the element

A

proton

54
Q

what energy level of the electron cloud allows the atom to bond with others?

A

the outermost level

55
Q

what type of bond is it where atoms share electrons?

A

covalent

56
Q

when salt is dissolved in water, is salt the solute or solvent?

A

solute

57
Q

what is the most reactive element overall?

A

francium

58
Q

what is group 18

A

noble gases

59
Q

groups __ and __ easily form bonds together

A

1, 17

Science (14 decks)

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