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Science > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell cycle

A

The series of events that occur in eukaryotic cells from cell formation through the end of cell division

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2
Q

Interphase

A

Longest phase of the cell cycle. A cell spends > 90% of its time in interphase

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3
Q

G1

A

(Growth 1) First stage of interphase. Cell doubles in size and produces all structures needed for cellular division

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4
Q

S

A

Second stage of interphase. Cell replicates its DNA such that it makes an exact copy of genetic material

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5
Q

G2

A

Third (final) stage of interphase. Cell prepares for cellular division by producing all the final necessary structures

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6
Q

Prophase

A

First stage of mitosis. Nucleolus of nuclear membrane dissapears. Centrioles form spindle fiber apparatus.

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7
Q

Metaphase

A

Second stage of mitosis. Homologous pairs line up at metaphase plate.

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8
Q

Anaphase

A

Third stage of mitosis. Spindle fibers attached at the Kinetochores and pull sister chromatids toward opposite poles

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9
Q

Telophase

A

Fourth (final) stage of mitosis. Chromosomes arrive at poles and begin to decondense. Nuclear membrane+nucleus return

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10
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Final stage of the cell cycle. Cytoplasm and organelles divide evenly. Animals form cleaveage furrow. Plants form cell plate

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11
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (genetic material in cells) can be in several forms, such as chromatin, chromosomes, chromatids, etc.

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12
Q

Chromatin

A

Thread-like form of DNA present from end of telophase until replication during synthesis of interphase

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13
Q

Chromatid

A

One half of a homologous pair of chromosomes

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14
Q

Sister chromatids

A

Each half is a sister chromatid to the other. They are genetically identical

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15
Q

Chromosome

A

Condensed form of chromatin. Exist as single chromatids before replication and homologous pairs afterwards.

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16
Q

Homologous pair of chromosomes

A

Identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere. Each chromatid is identical to the other

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17
Q

Centromeres

A

Structure that joins and holds together homologous pairs of chromosomes

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18
Q

Centrioles

A

Also called centrosomes, are organelles that assemble the spindle fibers during prophase.

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19
Q

Spindle fibers

A

Formed by centrioles/centrosomes. Attach to chromosomes at the kinetochore to move them around the cell

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20
Q

Cell plate

A

Formed in plant cells during cytokinesis to elongate the cell and allow a new cell to form

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21
Q

Cleavage furrow

A

Formed in animal cells during cytokinesis to “pinch apart” the cell membrane into two seperate cells

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22
Q

Haploid chromosome #

A

The chromosome number of the gametes of a given species (every breed of a species has the same) Half the species diploid number

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23
Q

Diploid chromosome #

A

The chromosome number of somatic cells of a given species (every breed of a species has the same) Twice the species haploid number.

24
Q

Gametes

A

Egg cells in female animals, sperm cells in male animals. Ovule in female plants, pollen grain in male plants.

25
Q

Somatic cells

A

General body cells (all but reproductive)

26
Q

Sperm

A

Male gamete- always haploid # (animal cells)

27
Q

Pollen Grain

A

Male gamete- always haploid # ( plant cell)

28
Q

Egg

A

Female gamete- always haploid # (animal cells)

29
Q

Ovule

A

Female gamete- always haploid (plant cells)

30
Q

46 chromosomes

A

Diploid chromosome # for human somatic cells

31
Q

23 chromosomes

A

Haploid chromosome # for human gametes

32
Q

Nucleolus

A

Organelle inside the nucleus that produces ribosomes. DIsappears during mitosis

33
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Membrane that surrounds DNA, nucleolus and nucleoplasm. DIssolves during mitosis

34
Q

Apoptosis

A

Normal, controlled death of cells

35
Q

Parent cell

A

The original cell that begins the cell cycle right after cytokinesis, which eventually divides into 2 daughter cells

36
Q

Daughter cell

A

2 cells formed during mitosis that is genetically identical to the parent cell

37
Q

Equatorial/Metaphase plate

A

Imaginary line through the center of a cell where chromosomes line up during metaphase

38
Q

Condensation of chromatin

A

Thread like chromatin condenses, shortens, and folds into itself to form thicker, more visible chromosomes.

39
Q

Replication of chromosomes

A

The exact copying of a cells genetic material during S-phase of interphase

40
Q

Micrograph

A

A photo taken through a microscope. often used to view cell cycle structures and phases

41
Q

each chromosome contains ___ chromotids

A

2

42
Q

each chromosome contains ___ chromatids

A

2

43
Q

during which phase do chromosomes first become visible>

A

prophase

44
Q

Tetrads

A

2 homologous pairs joined together (4 chromatids, 2 centromeres)

45
Q

Does meiosis or mitosis occur in plants and animals?

A

Both

46
Q

Does meiosis or mitosis include binary fission, budding, plantlets, tubers, and runners?

A

mitosis

47
Q

Does meiosis or mitosis have 8 phases?

A

meiosis

48
Q

Does meiosis or mitosis produce identical daughter cells?

A

mitosis

49
Q

Does meiosis or mitosis result in haploid cells?

A

meiosis

50
Q

Does meiosis or mitosis reproduce cells?

A

both

51
Q

Does meiosis or mitosis have cellular division occur only once?

A

mitosis

52
Q

Does meiosis or mitosis form tetrads?

A

meiosis

53
Q

Does meiosis or mitosis result in 4 daughter cells?

A

meiosis

54
Q

Does meiosis or mitosis involve crossing over?

A

meiosis

55
Q

Does meiosis or mitosis start with one parent cell

A

mitosis

56
Q

Does meiosis or mitosis involve sexual reproduction?

A

meiosis

57
Q

Does meiosis or mitosis produce genetically different daughter cells from parent cells?

A

meiosis

Science (14 decks)

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