Science test #2 Flashcards
Support for Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift includes evidence of changes in
Fossils
What is the location of an Earthquake on earth’s surface
Epicenter
New ocean floor is constantly being produced through the process known as
Seafloor spreading
Scientists discovered oceanic rock to be
Younger than continental rocks
The hypothesis of continental drift was rejected by scientists because
Evidence didn’t show they waved
Vibrations of an earthquake are caused by
Tectonic plates colliding, scraping, or moving away from each other.
The german scientist Alfred Wegener proposed the existence of a huge landmass called
Pangea
Earth’s magnetic poles shift every few thousand years causes
Paleomagnetism in rocks
The outer most layer of earth is the
lithosphere
Lens shaped feature that forms close to the surface
Laccoliths
The theory of plate tectonics says that plates move because of
Convection Currents
All plates float on the
Asthenosphere
The location of an earthquake beneath earth’s surface
Focus
An underwater mountain chain formed from seafloor spreading is called a
Mid-ocean ridge
The alternating pattern of normal and reverse polarity rocks proves
Continental Drift
Tool used to measure earthquakes
Seismograph
What is the first waves to arrive after an earthquake
P-waves
The three biggest factors in earthquake damage are fires, landslides and
Buildings collapsing
A group of adjacent mountains
Mountain Range
A natural elevation of earth’s surface
Mountain
_ to _ Collisions that produce volcanic islands arcs
Oceanic to Oceanic
An earthquake location can be found by
Using 3 seismographs
Collisions that produce continental volcanic arcs
Oceanic to Continental
Lava that resembles long, braided ropes
Pahoehoe lava
Flat mountains formed when thick layers are uplifted
Plateaus
Large masses of igneous rocks formed when magma oozed deep beneath the surface, must be greater than 100km.
Batholics
High mountains formed when continents collide
Folded mountains
Volcanic mountain formed when lava cools before reaching the surface
Dome
Adjacent mountain ranges
Mountain System
Boundary where two plates move away from each other.
Divergent Boundary
Boundary where to plates move toward each other
Convergent Boundary
Boundary where two plates move past each other
Transform Fault Boundary
Slow waves that cannot travel through liquids
S-waves
Area where oceanic plates meet continental plates
Subduction Zone
The measure of the thickness of a liquid
Viscosity
Area that forms along a divergent boundary
Rift Valley
Long valley formed when blocks slip downward
Graben Valley
Divergent boundaries make
New Oceans
Boundary that forms uplift mountains
Convergent Boundary
Large mountain systems are called
Mountain Belt
One plate going beneath another plate causes
Subduction
Boundary that causes earthquakes
Transform fault boundary
Force that moves magma up a volcano
Gasses expanding
Viscous magma produces
More violent eruptions
Ash, dust, and other particles that erupt out of a volcano
Pyroclastic materials
Scale used to measure earthquakes that records the highest wave
Richter scale
Broad, gently, sloping volcanoes with calm, slow eruptions
Shield Volcano
Steep sloped volcano made of pyroclastic materials
Cinder cone
Opening at the top of volcanoes formed by collapse
Calderas
Intrusive igneous features
Dikes
What happened when continents once formed a single landmass that broke apart and pieces moved to their present location
Continental drift
Layer of earth below the lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mountains formed where earth’s crust has been broken into large blocks then lifted and tilted
Fault-Block mountains
Volcano formed when plates move across areas of hot magma
Hotspot volcano
What is the __ to ___ on the boundaries that can cause subduction
Oceanic to Continental
Scale that measures how much material is moved or displaced in an earthquake
Momentum magnitude scale
Liquid rock beneath earth’s surface
Magma
Column shaped features that form when magma is close to the surface
Sills
Narrow valley at the center of diverging boundaries
Rift valley
Recorded measurements of an earthquake
Seismogram
Tall, broad-based volcano built from alternating of lava and pyroclastic material
Composite Volcano
