Science Non-Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
Passing of genes from parent to offspring
Heredity
Building blocks of heredity; found in threadlike structures called chromosomes
Genes
Comes from the name of the sugar of DNA
Deoxy
Comes from the fact that DNA is a permanent resident of the nucleus
Nucleic
Comes from the phosphate group, which donates DNA
Acid
A scientist and Augustinian Friar. Discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his garden. Considered as a pioneer in the field of genetics
Gregor Mendel
Segment of a chromosome
Gene
Is the form of the gene. Describes the persons genotype
Allele
Alleles are the same or pure
Homozygous
Alleles that are not the same
Heterozygous
Physical manifestation of alleles (observable traits)
Phenotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
Genotype
Traits that mask the presence of other traits
Dominant Traits
Traits that are being masked by the presence of other traits
Recessive Traits
Mendel’s law of dominance states that: “When parents with pure, contrasting traits are crossed together, only one form of trait appears in the next generation. The hybrid offsprings will exhibit only the dominant trait in the phenotype.” Law of dominance is known as the first law of inheritance
Mendel’s law of dominance states that: “When parents with pure, contrasting traits are crossed together, only one form of trait appears in the next generation. The hybrid offsprings will exhibit only the dominant trait in the phenotype.” Law of dominance is known as the first law of inheritance
No allele is dominant, they interact to produce a new phenotype
Incomplete Dominance
Both alleles are expressed at the same time. Common to short-horned cattle and quails
Codominance
It is the first filial generation of the offspring from the parents
F1 Generation
Second filial generation of the offspring generated through inbreeding of F1 individuals
F2 Generation
Is a trait in which a gene is located on a sex chromosome.
Sex-Linked Traits
The X chromosome is larger and contains more genes than the smaller Y chromosome
True
Who discovered sex-linked traits
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Inability to distinguish other colors under normal lighting conditions
Color Blindness
Is a hereditary condition wherein the blood fails to clot due to absence of protein in blood called fibrin
Hemophilia
A type of non-Mendelian inheritance pattern that involves more than just the typical two alleles that usually code for a certain characteristic in a species. Different versions of a trait that exist within a position
Multiple Alleles
What does I stand for in blood typing
Isoagglutinogen
Are type O blood types recessive?
Yes
Having the base color (such as red, black, or brown) muted and lightened by admixture of white hairs
Roan
