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Year 8 24/25 > Science - Light and Sound > Flashcards

Science - Light and Sound Flashcards

1
Q

Waves transfers _____________ but not ______________.

A

Energy, matter

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2
Q

Transverse wave - the _______________ of the particles is __________________ to the direction of energy transfer

A

vibrations, perpendicular

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3
Q

Longitudinal wave - the _______________ of the particles is __________________ to the direction of energy transfer

A

vibrations, parallel

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4
Q

What is the wavelength?

A

Distance between consecutive crests/troughs (transverse).
Distance between consecutive compressions/rarefactions (longitudinal).

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5
Q

What is the amplitude?

A

Distance from the equilibrium (rest position) to the crest/trough (transverse).

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6
Q

In a longitudinal wave, areas where the particles are pushed together are called _________________ and areas where the particles are spread out are called _________________

A

compressions, rarefactions

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7
Q

A louder sound will have a higher __________________.

A

amplitude

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8
Q

A high-pitched sound will have a higher _________________

A

frequency

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9
Q

Give 4 examples of longitudinal waves

A

sound, ultrasound, seismic waves, springs

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10
Q

Give 8 examples of transverse waves

A

light, radio, microwaves, infra-red, UV, X-ray, gamma ray, water waves

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11
Q

An object which gives off light is known as….

A

luminous

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12
Q

How can we see non-luminous objects?

A

because light is reflected off the object

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13
Q

When light hits and object and “stops” it is known as…

A

absorption

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14
Q

When light hits and object and bounces off it is known as…

A

reflection

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15
Q

A material that lets light through without scattering is known as…

A

transparent

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16
Q

What is an opaque material?

A

A material that does not let light pass through

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17
Q

An object that scatters light as it passes through is known as…

A

transluscent

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18
Q

How does the angle of incidence compare to the angle of reflection?

A

they are equal/the same

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19
Q

“If we are drawing a reflected ray, which step is missing
1. Extend the incident line to the surface.
2.
3. Measure angle of incidence.
4. Construct your angle of reflection.”

A

Draw on the normal line

20
Q

What is refraction?

A

The change in direction of a wave when it changes speed.

21
Q

When does refraction occur?

A

When a wave moves into a different substance

22
Q

If the speed of a wave decreases as it moves into a new substance it will bend _____________ the normal

A

towards

23
Q

If the speed of a wave increases as it moves into a new substance it will bend _____________ the normal

A

away from

24
Q

When the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, what will happen to the light?

A

All the light will be reflected/total internal reflection.

25
Q

If all the light is reflected with a material (e.g. a piece of glass), what is this known as?

A

Total internal reflection

26
Q

Give 3 examples of where total internal reflection is found in real-life applications

A

Periscopes, internal cameras, fibre-optic communications

27
Q

What is the name of the coloured circle around the pupil. It controls the size of the pupil

A

Iris

28
Q

What is the purpose of the lens in the eye?

A

To focus light onto the retina

29
Q

What do you call the black part of the eye? It is the opening that lets light in

A

Pupil

30
Q

What is the retina?

A

Light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, made up of rods and cones

31
Q

What is the purpose of the optic nerve?

A

Carries messages from the retina to the brain.

32
Q

Why do we end up with an inverted image formed on our retina when we look at an object?

A

Because light is refracted by the cornea and lens in our eye.

33
Q

What three colours of light can our eyes detect?

A

red, green, blue

34
Q

What are the colours of the spectrum that make up white light?

A

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet (Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain)

35
Q

The colour of a light depends on what feature of a wave?

A

Frequency

36
Q

When light enters a prism it splits into the colours of the spectrum, what do we call this effect?

A

Dispersion

37
Q

Why does a blue object appear blue when a white light is shone upon it?

A

It reflects blue light. It absorbs all other colours of light.

38
Q

Why do black objects appear black?

A

They absorb all colours that are shone on them. No light is reflected.

39
Q

When red and green light is combined, what colour is formed?

A

yellow

40
Q

When red and blue light is combined, what colour is formed?

A

magenta

41
Q

When blue and green light is combined, what colour is formed?

A

cyan

42
Q

If a sound is becoming lower pitched, what is decreasing?

A

The frequency

43
Q

If a sound is becoming lower in volume, what is decreasing?

A

The amplitude

44
Q

What formula can we use to calculate the speed of sound?

A

speed = distance/time

45
Q

Do sound waves travel fastest in solid, liquid or gas?

A

Solid (more particles)

46
Q

Do light waves travel fastest through a solid, liquid or gas?

A

Gas (fastest through a vacuum)

47
Q

When calculating the speed of sound using an echo, what must you remember

A

The echo travels to an object and back again (you may need to double the distance or halve the time provided)

Year 8 24/25 (4 decks)

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