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Year 8 24/25 > Geography - Rivers & Flooding > Flashcards

Geography - Rivers & Flooding Flashcards

1
Q

Define input

A

Entering the system

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2
Q

Define flows

A

Movement in the system

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3
Q

Define stores

A

Held in the system

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4
Q

Output

A

Leaving the system

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5
Q

Through flow

A

Water in soil moves downhill

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6
Q

Drainage basin

A

Area of land drained by a river

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7
Q

Precipitation

A

Any form of liquid/solid water particles falling from the atmosphere to the surface of the earth

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8
Q

Condensation

A

Water vapour turning to a liquid as it is cooled

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9
Q

Infiltration

A

Water soaking into the soil

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10
Q

Percolation

A

Water moves vertically through soil and rock

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11
Q

Channel flow

A

Water flow through river

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12
Q

Groundwater flow

A

Water in rock moves downhill

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13
Q

Transpiration

A

Evaporation of water from plants

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14
Q

Evaporation

A

Water heated by sun turns into water vapour

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15
Q

Surface runoff

A

Water flows overground

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16
Q

Interception

A

Water droplets collect on trees/plants

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17
Q

Surface storage

A

Water lies on ground as puddles or lakes

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18
Q

Soil moisture

A

Water stored in soil

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19
Q

Give 1 example of input in the hydrological cycle

A

Precipitation

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20
Q

Give 4 examples of storage in the hydrological cycle

A

Interception, surface storage, soil moisture, groundwater storage

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21
Q

Give 5 examples of flows/transfer in the hydrological cycle

A

Infiltration, percolation, surface runoff, through flow, groundwater flow

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22
Q

Give 3 examples of output in the hydrological cycle

A

Transpiration, evaporation, river carrying water to ocean

23
Q

What % of freshwater is stored in ice sheets, glaciers, or snow?

24
Q

What % of freshwater is stored in groundwater?

25
Q

What % of freshwater is stored in soil moisture, lakes, atmosphere, or rivers?

26
Q

V-shaped valley

A

Deep river valley formed by erosion

27
Q

River channel

A

Landform containing a river at the bottom of a valley

28
Q

Source

A

Start of a river

29
Q

Estuary

A

Broad flooded valley where river joins sea

30
Q

Tributary

A

Small river joining larger river

31
Q

Confluence

A

Where 2 rivers join

32
Q

Watershed

A

Outer edge of drainage basin

33
Q

Mouth

A

Where river enters sea/lake

34
Q

Waterfall

A

Step in river where water plunges

35
Q

Gorge

A

Narrow, steep-sided river valley

36
Q

Name 4 processes of transportation

A

Traction, saltation, suspension, solution

37
Q

What does the amount of load that can be carried depend on?

A

Velocity of river

38
Q

Erosion

A

Wearing away of riverbed/banks by moving water and load

39
Q

Deposition

A

When river drops its load that builds up on the bottom

40
Q

Transportation

A

Movement of pebbles, sand, mud down river

41
Q

Name 4 processes of erosion

A

Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution

42
Q

Traction

A

Transportation: massive boulders in middle/lower course rolls along riverbed

43
Q

Saltation

A

Transportation: pebbles bounce on riverbed

44
Q

Suspension

A

Transportation: small material floating on river

45
Q

Solution

A

Transportation: load dissolved in river, flows

46
Q

Hydraulic action

A

Erosion: water is forced into cracks of fast rivers, breaking up the bank

47
Q

Abrasion

A

Erosion: sand and stones scrape the riverbed/banks (like sandpaper)

48
Q

Attrition

A

Erosion: rocks and stones knock together to wear each other down

49
Q

Solution

A

Erosion: water dissolves soluble minerals from bed/banks

50
Q

Do heavier sediment get deposited first?

51
Q

When does deposition happen?

A

When the velocity isn’t enough.

52
Q

Where does deposition occur? (4 things)

A

Shallow points, floods, when river meets slow body of water/changes course

53
Q

Which course has bigger sediment?

A

Upper course

Year 8 24/25 (13 decks)

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