Geography - Rivers & Flooding

Question 1

Define input

Answer 1

Entering the system

Question 2

Define flows

Answer 2

Movement in the system

Question 3

Define stores

Answer 3

Held in the system

Question 4

Output

Answer 4

Leaving the system

Question 5

Through flow

Answer 5

Water in soil moves downhill

Question 6

Drainage basin

Answer 6

Area of land drained by a river

Question 7

Precipitation

Answer 7

Any form of liquid/solid water particles falling from the atmosphere to the surface of the earth

Question 8

Condensation

Answer 8

Water vapour turning to a liquid as it is cooled

Question 9

Infiltration

Answer 9

Water soaking into the soil

Question 10

Percolation

Answer 10

Water moves vertically through soil and rock

Question 11

Channel flow

Answer 11

Water flow through river

Question 12

Groundwater flow

Answer 12

Water in rock moves downhill

Question 13

Transpiration

Answer 13

Evaporation of water from plants

Question 14

Evaporation

Answer 14

Water heated by sun turns into water vapour

Question 15

Surface runoff

Answer 15

Water flows overground

Question 16

Interception

Answer 16

Water droplets collect on trees/plants

Question 17

Surface storage

Answer 17

Water lies on ground as puddles or lakes

Question 18

Soil moisture

Answer 18

Water stored in soil

Question 19

Give 1 example of input in the hydrological cycle

Answer 19

Precipitation

Question 20

Give 4 examples of storage in the hydrological cycle

Answer 20

Interception, surface storage, soil moisture, groundwater storage

Question 21

Give 5 examples of flows/transfer in the hydrological cycle

Answer 21

Infiltration, percolation, surface runoff, through flow, groundwater flow

Question 22

Give 3 examples of output in the hydrological cycle

Answer 22

Transpiration, evaporation, river carrying water to ocean

Question 23

What % of freshwater is stored in ice sheets, glaciers, or snow?

Answer 23

69%

Question 24

What % of freshwater is stored in groundwater?

Answer 24

30%

Question 25

What % of freshwater is stored in soil moisture, lakes, atmosphere, or rivers?

Answer 25

1%

Question 26

V-shaped valley

Answer 26

Deep river valley formed by erosion

Question 27

River channel

Answer 27

Landform containing a river at the bottom of a valley

Question 28

Source

Answer 28

Start of a river

Question 29

Estuary

Answer 29

Broad flooded valley where river joins sea

Question 30

Tributary

Answer 30

Small river joining larger river

Question 31

Confluence

Answer 31

Where 2 rivers join

Question 32

Watershed

Answer 32

Outer edge of drainage basin

Question 33

Mouth

Answer 33

Where river enters sea/lake

Question 34

Waterfall

Answer 34

Step in river where water plunges

Question 35

Gorge

Answer 35

Narrow, steep-sided river valley

Question 36

Name 4 processes of transportation

Answer 36

Traction, saltation, suspension, solution

Question 37

What does the amount of load that can be carried depend on?

Answer 37

Velocity of river

Question 38

Erosion

Answer 38

Wearing away of riverbed/banks by moving water and load

Question 39

Deposition

Answer 39

When river drops its load that builds up on the bottom

Question 40

Transportation

Answer 40

Movement of pebbles, sand, mud down river

Question 41

Name 4 processes of erosion

Answer 41

Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution

Question 42

Traction

Answer 42

Transportation: massive boulders in middle/lower course rolls along riverbed

Question 43

Saltation

Answer 43

Transportation: pebbles bounce on riverbed

Question 44

Suspension

Answer 44

Transportation: small material floating on river

Question 45

Solution

Answer 45

Transportation: load dissolved in river, flows

Question 46

Hydraulic action

Answer 46

Erosion: water is forced into cracks of fast rivers, breaking up the bank

Question 47

Abrasion

Answer 47

Erosion: sand and stones scrape the riverbed/banks (like sandpaper)

Question 48

Attrition

Answer 48

Erosion: rocks and stones knock together to wear each other down

Question 49

Solution

Answer 49

Erosion: water dissolves soluble minerals from bed/banks

Question 50

Do heavier sediment get deposited first?

Answer 50

Yes.

Question 51

When does deposition happen?

Answer 51

When the velocity isn't enough.

Question 52

Where does deposition occur? (4 things)

Answer 52

Shallow points, floods, when river meets slow body of water/changes course

Question 53

Which course has bigger sediment?

Answer 53

Upper course