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chris r10 > Science Genetics > Flashcards

Science Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the information we inherit from our parents called?

A

D.N.A.

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2
Q

What does D.N.A. stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

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3
Q

Of what is D.N.A. made up?

A

Small sections called genes.

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4
Q

What do lots of genes form?

A

Chromosomes

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5
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

An organelle found in many living cells containing the genetic information.

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6
Q

What is a Chromosome?

A

Thread like structure carrying the genetic information found in the nucleus of a cell.
each chromosome contains thousands of genes joined together.
Chromosomes are found in pairs and are organised so that both of the chromosomes carry genes controlling the same thing.

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7
Q

What is a gene?

A

A short section of D.N.A. carrying genetic information.
Genes work at the level of the molecule in your body to control development of characteristics. They do this by controlling all the different enzymes and proteins made. Genes come in pairs.

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8
Q

What is an Allele?

A

This is a different version of the same gene.

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9
Q

What is D.N.A..

A

The material of inheritance.

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10
Q

Who were studying D.N.A. in the 1950’s?

A

James Watson, Francis Crick.

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11
Q

What did they study from Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin?

A

X-Rays of D.N.A.

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12
Q

Watson and Crick built a model of what?

A

D.N.A.

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13
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have in a body cell?

A

46 (or 23 pairs).

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14
Q

How many chromosomes do we inherit from our mother and father?

A

23 chromosomes (Half from each).

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15
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

They are both alleles are the same.

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16
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Each allele is different.

17
Q

What does dominant mean?

A

It is always expressed if present.

18
Q

What does a recessive gene mean?

A

Only shows if there are two the same.

19
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The description of characteristics that are shown.

20
Q

How do identical twins occur?

A

When one egg is fertilised by one sperm and shortly after splits.

21
Q

How do you get non identical twins?

A

When 2 eggs are released at the same time and are both fertilised.

22
Q

How do you get non identical triplets?

A

Three eggs realised and all get fertilised by a different sperm.

23
Q

How do you get Identical triplets?

A

One egg one sperm and egg split in to three.

24
Q

Our appearance depends on what?

A

Information we inherit from our parents.

25
Q

What is D.N.A. finger printing

A

A technique used to make patterns which can be used to identify individuals.

26
Q

Name three body fluids from which D.N.A. can be determined?

A

Blood
Saliva
Semen.

27
Q

What is the chance of getting the same D.N.A. ( excluding identical siblings)?

A

Million to one.

28
Q

What are inherited disorders?

A

Problem with genes which can be passed on from parent to child.

29
Q

Name three examples of inherited disorders.

A

Cystic fibrosis polydactyly and hunting’s disease.

30
Q

What is the treatment for cystic fibrosis?

A

Physiotherapy

Antibiotics

31
Q

What causes cystic fibrosis?

A

A recessive allele - which means he has to be inherited from both parents. (The parents don’t have to have CF but they have to be carriers of the gene).

32
Q

What is polydactyly?

A

when someone is born with extra fingers or toes.

33
Q

How is polydactyly caused?

A

It is caused by either parent having a dominant allele for polydactyly.

34
Q

What is the effect if a parent is homozygous for polydactyly?

A

Their child will definitely have the condition.

35
Q

What causes Huntington’s disease?

A

A dominate allele which causes tremors, clumsiness, memory loss, mood changes and poor concentration.

36
Q

How do scientists hope to cure genetic disorders?

A

They hope to be able to cut out the faulty gene and replace with a healthy gene.

37
Q

What does IVF stand for?

A

In vitro fertilisation

38
Q

What is IVF

A

It is when an egg is fertilised by a sperm outside of the body.

chris r10 (31 decks)

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