Science - Ch 1 Review Flashcards
What is the purpose of science?
Carefully observing natures, discovering the laws of creation, and using those laws for mankind’s benefit.
What are the five main branches of biology?
zoology
botany
microbiology
ecology
human anatomy and physiology
What are the five main characteristics all living things have in common?
organised structure
growth
respond to changes
reproduction
metabolism
What is the organisational structure of all organisms?
cells group together to form tissues which group together to form organs which form systems.
How does most growth in multicellular organisms occur?
It occurs by increasing the number of cells through cell division.
How does growth occur in unicellular organisms?
It occurs through the absorption of water and other substances.
Why do organisms respond to internal and external changes?
All organisms must maintain a stable internal condition called homeostasis in order to survive.
What is an example of the way in which our bodies respond to external changes?
In hot weather, our bodies sweat in order to keep cool, and in cold weather, our bodies shiver in order to keep warm.
What is an example of the way in which our bodies respond to internal changes?
When the level of oxygen in our bodies decreases, we breath harder and faster to take in more oxygen.
What is the first step in metabolism?
cellular respiration (creating ATP)
What do living things need to perform metabolism?
adequate water
Where do animals and humans get the energy required by metabolism?
The energy comes from nutrients that are ingested.
Which organisms are able to make their own food?
Plants (through photosynthesis)
Name some terrestrial environments
meadows
deserts
mountains
savannas
jungles
forests
Name some freshwater environments.
ponds
lakes
rivers
streams
