OWHG Chapter 3 Revision Flashcards
What three continents come together in the Middle East?
Africa, Europe, and Asia
What has the Middle East been called?
The Crossroads of the Ancient World
What is a Bedouin?
Bedouins are Arabs who wander from place to place with their herds of camels, sheep, and goats.
What do we call people who constantly move from one place to another?
Nomads
Describe a millstone.
Two flat, round stones, one on top of the other.
What was the purpose of a millstone and how did it work?
A millstone was used to grind grain. Grain would be dropped into a hole in the upper stone, and then the stone would be turned. As the heavy stones rubbed together, the grain was ground into flour.
What was the most common way of threshing grain?
The most common way was to beat the grain with a stick and turn it over again and again.
What is threshing?
Threshing is the job of separating grain from the husk of the plant in which it grew.
How did people cope with the extreme heat in the middle of the day?
They took a break from their work.
What two natural gifts made the Phoenicians the first great sea traders of the world?
- The seacost gave them a place to build excellent harbours
- The forests in the Lebanon Mountains gave them strong wood to build good boats.
People who carry one country’s good to another country, like the Phoenicians did, are called…
…middlemen
An important city in Africa with which the Phoenicians traded was…
…Carthage
What was the Phoenicians’ most valuable contribution to the world?
the alphabet
Who were the earliest inhabitants of Asia Minor?
The Hittites
The Hittites were known for building great…
…empires
What is an empire?
It is a group of countries or kingdoms under the control of a more powerful ruler who controls the empire (called an emperor).
What do we call the kind of trade where you give some of your own goods in exchange for the goods you desire?
barter
What replaced bartering as a system of trade?
money
Which group of people minted the first coins?
the Lydians
Which ancient cities were famous for their manufacturing of a purple dye from murex?
Tyre and Sidon (in Phoenicia)
The re-discovery by archaeologist of which ancient peoples is evidence of the truth of the Bible?
the Hittites
What is papyrus?
Papyrus is a paper-like material made from the papyrus plant.
What is murex?
Murex is a kind of sea snail found along the Phoenician coast that was used to make purple dye.
What did the Phoenicians call the books that were made from papyrus?
biblios
What word means to make coins?
mint
What were some of the advantages of trading using coins?
- Easier to carry than a bar of metal.
- More convenient than bartering.
- Could be stamped with a seal to make it easier to see whether the metal had been cut.
Between what sea and what river does Israel lie?
Between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River
Why was Israel often invaded by enemies?
Its location between Mesopotamia and Egypt made it the centre of the ancient world.
What is the longest and most important river in Israel?
The Jordan River
What is a crack in the earth’s surface called?
a fault
What is unusual about the Dead Sea?
It is the saltiest body of water in the world.
What is the Dead Sea also known as?
the Salt Sea
What did God promise Abraham?
God promised the land of Canaan to Abraham and his descendents.
Which group of people are the descendents of Abraham?
the Israelites
Who was the last king of Lydia, whose great riches led to the common saying “as rich as ???”
Croesus
What is the lowest place on the earth’s land surface?
the Dead Sea
Who was the best-known Canaanite god, the god of war and storms?
Baal
Did the Canaanites leave many important gifts to civilization? Why or why not?
They didn’t leave anything important because they were so involved in their wicked practices that they had no time for great accomplishments.
God chose the first leaders of the Israelites and called them…
…judges
After Saul, Israel’s first king, disobeyed God and failed, whom did God appoint to become king of Israel?
God appointed David as the next king.
What did King Solomon build at Jerusalem?
He built the Temple.
When Israel fell and was split into two kingdoms, what was the Northern Kingdom, made up of ten tribes, known as?
Israel
When Israel fell and was split into two kingdoms, what was the Souther Kingdom, where Jerusalem was located, called?
Judah
Which group of people conquered the ten tribes of Israel (the Northern Kingdom)?
the Assyrians
In what great Assyrian city did the prophet Jonah preach?
He preached in Ninevah.
What did the great highway leading from Babylon to several other cities help Babylon to become?
It helped Babylon become a centre for world trade.
Whose empire was known as the First Babylonian Empire?
Hammurabi’s
Name one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and tell why it was built.
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were built to remind one of King Nebuchadnezzar’s wives of the beautiful mountains where she grew up.
How was Babylon defeated?
It was invaded by the Medes and the Persians under Cyrus the Great.
Who defeated the Persians?
the Greeks
Who led the Hebrews out of Egypt and received the Ten Commandments on Mt Sinai?
Moses
Who led the Israelites to victory at Jericho?
Joshua
Who was the first king of Israel and lost his throne because of disobedience?
Saul
Who was the third king of Israel?
Solomon
What is Hammurabi most remembered for today?
He created a code of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi
Which prophet served in the government of Babylon and Persia?
Daniel
Who was the clever Persian ruler who allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem?
Cyrus the Great
What peninsula is the home of Turkey today?
the peninsula of Asia Minor
