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Science > Science 6 Ch 3 > Flashcards

Science 6 Ch 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

Small deposits of igneous and metamorphic crystals

A

Gemstones

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1
Q

The hardest known mineral; found in pipes

A

Diamond

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2
Q

Any hollow space in the Earth’s crust that has formed naturally and is large enough for a person to enter

A

Cave

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3
Q

Any rock containing a metal together with impurities

A

Ore

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4
Q

The rarest, most durable and beautiful gems

A

Precious stones

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5
Q

The most commonly used practical metal; used for thousands of years to make tools

A

Iron

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6
Q

A metal that is a good conductor of electricity; two of its alloys are brass and bronze

A

Copper

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7
Q

Any trace of a plant or animal left in a rock

A

Fossil

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8
Q

The area surrounding a magnet in which the force of a magnet affects other objects

A

Magnetic field

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9
Q

The ends of a magnet are called

A

Poles

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10
Q

The magnetic field produced by the earth

A

Magnetosphere

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11
Q

The hardest material that composes the earths crust

A

Rock

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12
Q

When molten rock solidifies it forms this type of rock

A

Igneous

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13
Q

Sand and mineral fragments that have been pressed together form this type of rock

A

Sedimentary

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14
Q

Rock that has been changed by extreme heat or pressure into a new kind of rock is known as this kind of rock

A

Metamorphic

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15
Q

Over 75% of the earths surface is covered with this rock

A

Sedimentary

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16
Q

The type of igneous rock formed at the earths surface that cools rapidly and has a fine-grained appearance

A

Extrusive

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17
Q

This type of igneous rock remains in a pocket below the surface, cools slowly and has a coarse-grained appearance

A

Intrusive

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18
Q

This is the most common igneous rock that can be found everywhere on land

A

Granite

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19
Q

This sedimentary rock is formed by chemical sediments and is used for salting roads and flavoring food

A

Halite

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20
Q

The sedimentary rock used to make glass

A

Sandstone

21
Q

The sedimentary rock that is the only stone formed by living animals

A

Reef limestone

22
Q

This metamorphic rock began as shale is very hard and has leaf-like layers

A

Slate

23
Q

This metamorphic rock is one of the most beautiful and most widely used, and began as limestone

A

Marble

24
Q

This type of metamorphic rock is made up of layers like the leaves of a book

A

Foliated

25
Q

Hard, shiny, black coal; expensive to mine

A

Anthracite

26
Q

The most common type of coal, also known as soft coal

A

Bituminous

27
Q

The poorest quality of coal, also known as brown coal

A

Lignite

28
Q

This is designed to live either in a cave or above a cave

A

A troglophile

29
Q

This is the study of caves

A

Speleology

30
Q

This is formed by the dissolving of underground rocks by water

A

Solution cave

31
Q

Caves usually form in this rock

A

Limestone

32
Q

This visits a cave regularly but must return to the surface for food

A

A trogloxene

33
Q

Answer this question, “where does the Earth’s magnetic field come from and how does it remain magnetized?”

A

Parents of electricity that circulate in the earths outer core produce the earths magnetic fields. Currents that flow through an object produce a magnetic field around the object. The earth remains magnetized because of the increasing electric currents deep within its core.

34
Q

Explain how a solution cave is formed. Is this process an example of physical or chemical weathering? Why?

A

Rainwater pick that molecules of carbon dioxide as it passes through the air in the soil. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water forms a mild acid. Limestone absorbs the water and is dissolved. The water drains from the area leaving a cavity in the rock. This is an example of chemical weathering because the rock was broken down by an acid.

35
Q

The individual substances that make up rocks

A

Minerals

36
Q

The well-known igneous rock that contains quartz, feldspar, and mica

A

Granite

37
Q

Rock made of pebbles cemented together

A

Conglomerate or breccia

38
Q

The thick, dark colored, flammable liquid that is considered a liquid fossil fuel

A

Petroleum (or crude oil)

39
Q

The basic mineral that makes up limestone

A

Calcium carbonate

40
Q

A stream of harmful particles that flow constantly from the surface of the sun

A

Solar wind

41
Q

Natural acids slowly eat into rock and break it apart

A

Chemical weathering

42
Q

Physical forces such as flowing water, ice, or windblown sand break down rock

A

Physical weathering

43
Q

A scientist who studies the structure of the earth

A

Geologist

44
Q

An enormous wave that can be caused by an earthquake

A

Tsunami

45
Q

Any trembling or shaking of the Earth’s crust

A

Earthquake

46
Q

The study of earthquakes

A

Seismology

47
Q

The break that appears at the boundary between two moving masses of rock

A

A fault

48
Q

The strength of an earthquake is its

A

Magnitude

49
Q

The scale used to measure the strength of an earthquake

A

Richter scale

50
Q

A shiny, black rock that resemble glass

A

Obsidian

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