Science 6 Ch 3 Flashcards
Small deposits of igneous and metamorphic crystals
Gemstones
The hardest known mineral; found in pipes
Diamond
Any hollow space in the Earth’s crust that has formed naturally and is large enough for a person to enter
Cave
Any rock containing a metal together with impurities
Ore
The rarest, most durable and beautiful gems
Precious stones
The most commonly used practical metal; used for thousands of years to make tools
Iron
A metal that is a good conductor of electricity; two of its alloys are brass and bronze
Copper
Any trace of a plant or animal left in a rock
Fossil
The area surrounding a magnet in which the force of a magnet affects other objects
Magnetic field
The ends of a magnet are called
Poles
The magnetic field produced by the earth
Magnetosphere
The hardest material that composes the earths crust
Rock
When molten rock solidifies it forms this type of rock
Igneous
Sand and mineral fragments that have been pressed together form this type of rock
Sedimentary
Rock that has been changed by extreme heat or pressure into a new kind of rock is known as this kind of rock
Metamorphic
Over 75% of the earths surface is covered with this rock
Sedimentary
The type of igneous rock formed at the earths surface that cools rapidly and has a fine-grained appearance
Extrusive
This type of igneous rock remains in a pocket below the surface, cools slowly and has a coarse-grained appearance
Intrusive
This is the most common igneous rock that can be found everywhere on land
Granite
This sedimentary rock is formed by chemical sediments and is used for salting roads and flavoring food
Halite
The sedimentary rock used to make glass
Sandstone
The sedimentary rock that is the only stone formed by living animals
Reef limestone
This metamorphic rock began as shale is very hard and has leaf-like layers
Slate
This metamorphic rock is one of the most beautiful and most widely used, and began as limestone
Marble
This type of metamorphic rock is made up of layers like the leaves of a book
Foliated
Hard, shiny, black coal; expensive to mine
Anthracite
The most common type of coal, also known as soft coal
Bituminous
The poorest quality of coal, also known as brown coal
Lignite
This is designed to live either in a cave or above a cave
A troglophile
This is the study of caves
Speleology
This is formed by the dissolving of underground rocks by water
Solution cave
Caves usually form in this rock
Limestone
This visits a cave regularly but must return to the surface for food
A trogloxene
Answer this question, “where does the Earth’s magnetic field come from and how does it remain magnetized?”
Parents of electricity that circulate in the earths outer core produce the earths magnetic fields. Currents that flow through an object produce a magnetic field around the object. The earth remains magnetized because of the increasing electric currents deep within its core.
Explain how a solution cave is formed. Is this process an example of physical or chemical weathering? Why?
Rainwater pick that molecules of carbon dioxide as it passes through the air in the soil. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water forms a mild acid. Limestone absorbs the water and is dissolved. The water drains from the area leaving a cavity in the rock. This is an example of chemical weathering because the rock was broken down by an acid.
The individual substances that make up rocks
Minerals
The well-known igneous rock that contains quartz, feldspar, and mica
Granite
Rock made of pebbles cemented together
Conglomerate or breccia
The thick, dark colored, flammable liquid that is considered a liquid fossil fuel
Petroleum (or crude oil)
The basic mineral that makes up limestone
Calcium carbonate
A stream of harmful particles that flow constantly from the surface of the sun
Solar wind
Natural acids slowly eat into rock and break it apart
Chemical weathering
Physical forces such as flowing water, ice, or windblown sand break down rock
Physical weathering
A scientist who studies the structure of the earth
Geologist
An enormous wave that can be caused by an earthquake
Tsunami
Any trembling or shaking of the Earth’s crust
Earthquake
The study of earthquakes
Seismology
The break that appears at the boundary between two moving masses of rock
A fault
The strength of an earthquake is its
Magnitude
The scale used to measure the strength of an earthquake
Richter scale
A shiny, black rock that resemble glass
Obsidian
