Chapter 3 Gr. 6 Flashcards
A break that appears in a boundary between two moving masses of rock
Fault
Earthquakes sometimes cause monstrous waves called these
Tsunamis
The point underground where an earthquake begins
Focus
The place at ground level that is directly above the focus of an earthquake
Epicenter
Any trembling or shaking of the Earth’s crust
Earthquake
The strength of an earthquake
Magnitude
This occurs when natural acid slowly eat into a rock, breaking it apart
Chemical weathering
The temperature of rocks does this with depth
Increases
This is created when trapped gas is blast through the earths surface
Vent
This allows molten rock and hot gases to escape from within the earth
A Volcano
Scientists who study the structure of the earth
Geologists
The process by which new soil is formed as rocks crumble and break into smaller pieces
Weathering
The boundary between the Earth’s crust and it’s mantle
Moho or Mohorovičić discontinuity
The underwater mountain ranges
Mid-oceanic ridges
The study of earthquakes
Seismology
A volcano that has been active at some time in recorded history but has not had a recent eruption
Dormant
A volcano that produces lava fountains and fire curtains
Hawaiian
A volcano characterized by hot clouds of gas and dust as it expels
Plinian
A volcano that has erupted recently
Active
A volcano that has not erupted in recorded history
Extinct
Magna that has reached the earths surface
Lava
Running along the edge of the Pacific ocean, and named for its many volcanoes
The Ring if Fire
A depression found at the top of a volcano
Crater
Holes or cracks which serve as escape vents for underground gases
Fumaroles
Smaller fragments of molten rock that solidify almost instantly
Tephra
A volcano formed from large amounts of very fluid lava that build up gradually. The Hawaiian Islands were formed by this type of volcano
Shield volcano
A volcano formed by eruptions of mostly tephra and very little lava. Paracutin is an example of this.
Cinder cone volcano
A volcano formed by alternating layers of tephra and lava. Mount St. Helens is an example
A composite volcano
Describe the three main sections of the earth in complete sentences
The crust,
the mantle, and
the core
