Science 6 Flashcards
What are some phenotype examples in organisms like humans?
Brown hair or blue eyes
Define a phenotype.
Phenotypes are the physical expressions of genetic traits.
Define a genotype.
A genotype is an organism’s underlying genetic makeup or code.
What is a blueprint for building and maintaining all structures within the cells of the body?
A genotype
What is found within the genes that codes for proteins that determine hereditary traits?
DNA
What can affect the phenotypes of organisms?
Interactions between the genotype and the environment
__________ are the entire set of genes in organisms, while ______ are the characteristics and traits that are expressed by those genes.
Genotypes, phenotypes
Different coat colors between cat breeds are examples of genotypes or phenotypes?
Phenotypes
What science is the study of heredity or how traits are passed on from parent to offspring?
Genetics
Can an organism carry a gene without showing the physical characteristics of that gene in it phenotype?
Yes
What does a gene on a piece of DNA on a chromosome control?
A particular genetic trait
Are there multiple forms of a gene?
Yes
What are the alternative forms of genes called?
Alleles
Alleles are represented using what?
Letters
What are dominant alleles represented by and what are recessive alleles represented by?
Dominant alleles are represented by capital letters and recessive alleles are represented by lowercase letters.
What does the genotype of an organism consists of that is inherited from both parents?
Alleles
The appearance of an organism resulting from its genotype is the ___________.
Phenotype
When both parents give the offspring the same allele, what is the offspring for that particular trait called?
Homozygous
If each parent gives the offspring a different allele for a particular trait the offspring is _________ for that trait?
Heterozygous for that trait
What tool is used to predict what characteristics will occur in offspring?
A punnets square
What is it called when the dominant and recessive genotypes interact to produce an intermediate phenotype?
Incomplete dominance
What is incomplete dominance?
A mix of the two traits
In sickle cell anemia homozygous recessive individuals have the disease while homozygous dominant individuals are normal. True or false? This is an example of incomplete dominance.
True
