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Hobet V > Science 2 > Flashcards

Science 2 Flashcards

0
Q

In the prokaryotic cell what structure contains the ribosomes and plasmid?

A

The cytoplasm

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1
Q

In the prokaryotic cell what structure contains the DNA?

A

The nucleoid

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2
Q

Starting with the outside layer of the prokaryotic cell name the three layers as it moves inward.

A

The capsule then the cell wall then the plasma membrane

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3
Q

In the eukaryotic cell where is the DNA found?

A

The DNA is contained in the nucleus

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4
Q

What structure encases the nucleus in the eukaryotic cell?

A

The nuclear membrane

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5
Q

What are the two main differences between plant cells and eukaryotic cells?

A

Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall and a eukaryotic cell does not

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6
Q

What structure surrounds the eukaryotic cell?

A

A cell membrane

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7
Q

Which of the following is present in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? The Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, or cytoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm

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8
Q

Complete the following sentence. In prokaryotic (bacterial) cells the DNA is located in the _________, and in eukaryotic (animal and plant) cells the DNA is found in the ___________.

A

Nucleoid, nucleus

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9
Q

Chromosomes contain sections that are called what?

A

Genes

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10
Q

What do genes contain?

A

Information that specifies the production of proteins

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11
Q

When genes send messages within the cell and to other cells what is the form the message is sent in?

A

A code

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12
Q

How is the code made possible that is formed for genes to send messages within the cell?

A

By complementary base pairing

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13
Q

Describe the structure of the DNA found with in the genes and what is the DNA composed of?

A

DNA is a double stranded molecule and it is composed of nitrogenous bases

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14
Q

Name the four nitrogenous bases.

A

Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

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15
Q

What does adenine pair with?

A

Thymine

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16
Q

In DNA what does guanine pair with?

A

Cytosine

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17
Q

Chromosomes consist of what?

A

Subunits of genes

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18
Q

What does genes consist of?

A

DNA

19
Q

What is required to translate the complementary code on DNA into a protein?

A

RNA

20
Q

Where is the code on the DNA strand copied into RNA at?

A

Within the cell nucleus

21
Q

Where is RNA transported to?

A

The ribosome

22
Q

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

A

One base is different between the two

23
Q

What base does not exist in RNA?

A

Thymine

24
Q

What replaces thymine mean in RNA?

A

Uracil

25
Q

When the RNA reaches the ribosome, the code is translated into what?

A

An amino acid chain

26
Q

What does a chain of amino acids result in?

A

A protein

27
Q

A protein consist of information derived from what?

A

DNA and RNA

28
Q

Name the four substances that preside over protein production.

A

Chromosomes, genes, DNA and RNA

29
Q

Name the route in the cell in which information flows.

A

It flows from DNA to RNA to proteins

30
Q

_____________ are large structures of DNA that contain the ________ , the blueprints for making an individual.

A

chromosomes, genes

31
Q

The central dogma of biology states that _________ gives rise to ________ , which gives rise to protein.

A

DNA, RNA

32
Q

What is the process called that produces a more specialized cell from a less specialized cell?

A

Differentiation

33
Q

Define an embryo.

A

An animal or a plant in the early stages of development after fertilization

34
Q

What is the name of a mass of cells that forms after a fertilized egg begins dividing?

A

A zygote

35
Q

When a fertilized egg begins dividing and becomes a mass of cells called a zygote what does it form?

A

An embryo

36
Q

What is the most critical stage of development during cell differentiation?

A

Gastrulation

37
Q

What happens during gastrulation?

A

The individual tissue layers begin to form

38
Q

What regulates the process of differentiation in the cell during all stages of development?

A

Genes

39
Q

What does differentiation determine?

A

What cell type each cell will become

40
Q

What directs each cell when to form the particular proteins and structures that make it a specific cell type?

A

Genes

41
Q

When can the process of differentiation occur with cells?

A

In the developing embryo but can also occur in adults

42
Q

Can cells divide and remain undifferentiated?

A

Yes

43
Q

Cells that divide and remain undifferentiated produce what?

A

Stem cells

44
Q

Name three types of stem cells.

A

Totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent cells

Hobet V (14 decks)

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