Science 2

Question 0

In the prokaryotic cell what structure contains the ribosomes and plasmid?

Answer 0

The cytoplasm

Question 1

In the prokaryotic cell what structure contains the DNA?

Answer 1

The nucleoid

Question 2

Starting with the outside layer of the prokaryotic cell name the three layers as it moves inward.

Answer 2

The capsule then the cell wall then the plasma membrane

Question 3

In the eukaryotic cell where is the DNA found?

Answer 3

The DNA is contained in the nucleus

Question 4

What structure encases the nucleus in the eukaryotic cell?

Answer 4

The nuclear membrane

Question 5

What are the two main differences between plant cells and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall and a eukaryotic cell does not

Question 6

What structure surrounds the eukaryotic cell?

Answer 6

A cell membrane

Question 7

Which of the following is present in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? The Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, or cytoplasm?

Answer 7

Cytoplasm

Question 8

Complete the following sentence. In prokaryotic (bacterial) cells the DNA is located in the _________, and in eukaryotic (animal and plant) cells the DNA is found in the ___________.

Answer 8

Nucleoid, nucleus

Question 9

Chromosomes contain sections that are called what?

Answer 9

Genes

Question 10

What do genes contain?

Answer 10

Information that specifies the production of proteins

Question 11

When genes send messages within the cell and to other cells what is the form the message is sent in?

Answer 11

A code

Question 12

How is the code made possible that is formed for genes to send messages within the cell?

Answer 12

By complementary base pairing

Question 13

Describe the structure of the DNA found with in the genes and what is the DNA composed of?

Answer 13

DNA is a double stranded molecule and it is composed of nitrogenous bases

Question 14

Name the four nitrogenous bases.

Answer 14

Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

Question 15

What does adenine pair with?

Answer 15

Thymine

Question 16

In DNA what does guanine pair with?

Answer 16

Cytosine

Question 17

Chromosomes consist of what?

Answer 17

Subunits of genes

Question 18

What does genes consist of?

Answer 18

DNA

Question 19

What is required to translate the complementary code on DNA into a protein?

Answer 19

RNA

Question 20

Where is the code on the DNA strand copied into RNA at?

Answer 20

Within the cell nucleus

Question 21

Where is RNA transported to?

Answer 21

The ribosome

Question 22

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 22

One base is different between the two

Question 23

What base does not exist in RNA?

Answer 23

Thymine

Question 24

What replaces thymine mean in RNA?

Answer 24

Uracil

Question 25

When the RNA reaches the ribosome, the code is translated into what?

Answer 25

An amino acid chain

Question 26

What does a chain of amino acids result in?

Answer 26

A protein

Question 27

A protein consist of information derived from what?

Answer 27

DNA and RNA

Question 28

Name the four substances that preside over protein production.

Answer 28

Chromosomes, genes, DNA and RNA

Question 29

Name the route in the cell in which information flows.

Answer 29

It flows from DNA to RNA to proteins

Question 30

_____________ are large structures of DNA that contain the ________ , the blueprints for making an individual.

Answer 30

chromosomes, genes

Question 31

The central dogma of biology states that _________ gives rise to ________ , which gives rise to protein.

Answer 31

DNA, RNA

Question 32

What is the process called that produces a more specialized cell from a less specialized cell?

Answer 32

Differentiation

Question 33

Define an embryo.

Answer 33

An animal or a plant in the early stages of development after fertilization

Question 34

What is the name of a mass of cells that forms after a fertilized egg begins dividing?

Answer 34

A zygote

Question 35

When a fertilized egg begins dividing and becomes a mass of cells called a zygote what does it form?

Answer 35

An embryo

Question 36

What is the most critical stage of development during cell differentiation?

Answer 36

Gastrulation

Question 37

What happens during gastrulation?

Answer 37

The individual tissue layers begin to form

Question 38

What regulates the process of differentiation in the cell during all stages of development?

Answer 38

Genes

Question 39

What does differentiation determine?

Answer 39

What cell type each cell will become

Question 40

What directs each cell when to form the particular proteins and structures that make it a specific cell type?

Answer 40

Genes

Question 41

When can the process of differentiation occur with cells?

Answer 41

In the developing embryo but can also occur in adults

Question 42

Can cells divide and remain undifferentiated?

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

Cells that divide and remain undifferentiated produce what?

Answer 43

Stem cells

Question 44

Name three types of stem cells.

Answer 44

Totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent cells