Science 3

Question 0

How many daughter cells receive exactly the same nuclear material as the original cell during mitosis?

Answer 0

Two

Question 1

Mitosis is the process of what?

Answer 1

Cell duplication

Question 2

What has to happen prior to mitosis for cell duplication?

Answer 2

The cell must make an exact copy of all it’s DNA

Question 3

And what phase does the synthesis of the new DNA occur during mitosis?

Answer 3

The S phase S (stands for synthesis)

Question 4

What are the gap periods referred to as before and after synthesis?

Answer 4

G1 and G2

Question 5

When is the cells DNA available for transcription into RNA?

Answer 5

During the gaps between mitosis and DNA synthesis

Question 6

Name the phases and the gap periods that are classified together as interphase during mitosis.

Answer 6

S-phase, G1, and G2

Question 7

What happens during G1 of mitosis?

Answer 7

The DNA double helix unwinds to expose the bases

Question 8

How is the messenger RNA strand formed?

Answer 8

RNA bases pair with their complementary partners on the DNA

Question 9

In what stage of interphase during mitosis is the messenger RNA strand created?

Answer 9

G1

Question 10

What happens to the DNA once an entire gene is copied into the complementary messenger RNA?

Answer 10

The DNA double helix closes

Question 11

What happens to the messenger RNA at the end of G1 of interphase during mitosis?

Answer 11

It exits the nucleus, taking the information contained to the ribosome.

Question 12

What are enzymes?

Answer 12

Proteins that increase the speed of reactions

Question 13

During mitosis, what phase of interphase does the DNA double helix unwind with the help of enzymes?

Answer 13

The S phase

Question 14

During mitosis what does the unwinding of the DNA double helix result in?

Answer 14

Breaking of the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs and separating the bases from their complimentary partners

Question 15

What is the name of the enzyme that helps the exposed bases pair up with the new complementary bases during the S phase of mitosis?

Answer 15

DNA polymerase

Question 16

How many strands of identical DNA form from one strand during mitosis?

Answer 16

Two

Question 17

After two new strands of identical DNA are formed during mitosis what does each of the two new strands consist of?

Answer 17

One strand from the original double helix and one strand that was newly synthesized

Question 18

True or false. There are three steps of the cell cycle during interphase.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Why does mitosis occur?

Answer 19

To replace old and dying cells with genetically identical ones

Question 20

What do cells have to do to their DNA content during mitosis?

Answer 20

Double their DNA content in order to pass one complete copy to each daughter cell

Question 21

True or false. Sexual reproduction works the same way as mitosis.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What are the cells that form a new organism via sexual reproduction called?

Answer 22

Gametes

Question 23

What occurs with the gamete during sexual reproduction?

Answer 23

A gamete me from one individual combines it’s DNA with the DNA of a gamete from another individual

Question 24

What do the gametes have to do to reduce their DNA content since the combining of DNA from two gametes would produce too much DNA?

Answer 24

They undergo meiosis

Question 25

Meiosis is the process by which gametes do what?

Answer 25

Reduce their DNA content

Question 26

What does meiosis only occur in?

Answer 26

Gametes or fertilized eggs depending on the species

Question 27

What is an additional benefit of meiosis?

Answer 27

It results in extra genetic variability

Question 28

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Answer 28

To halve the number of chromosomes

Question 29

What are cells that contain two sets of chromosomes known as?

Answer 29

Diploid cells

Question 30

What are all cells in mammals called except the gametes?

Answer 30

Diploid cells

Question 31

What are cells known as that contain a single set of chromosomes?

Answer 31

Haploid cells

Question 32

What are the only cells in mammals that are haploid cells?

Answer 32

Gametes

Question 33

In some organisms, most cells are ________ cells and only the fertilized egg is a ____________ cell.

Answer 33

Haploid, diploid

Question 34

What does each individual chromosome have in a diploid cell?

Answer 34

A twin chromosome called a homologous chromosome

Question 35

What phase during mitosis do the individual chromosomes duplicate?

Answer 35

That S phase

Question 36

During mitosis, after the chromosomes duplicate during the S-phase, the chromosomes that have condensed then have both copies of the individual chromosomes attached at one spot. What does this form?

Answer 36

Sister chromatids

Question 37

What is the next phase during mitosis called after interphase?

Answer 37

Metaphase

Question 38

During metaphase of mitosis, the chromosomes with their sister chromatids line up on a plate called the what?

Answer 38

The metaphase plate

Question 39

Where is the metaphase plate located?

Answer 39

Down the middle of the nucleus

Question 40

Do the chromosomes line up in any particular order on the metaphase plate?

Answer 40

No

Question 41

During metaphase how many centrosomes surround the nucleus?

Answer 41

Two, one on either side of the nucleus

Question 42

What forms between the centrosomes?

Answer 42

Spindle fibers

Question 43

What do the spindle fibers attached to on the metaphase plate?

Answer 43

The chromosomes

Question 44

What happens to the sister chromatids during mitosis after the spindle fibers form between the centrosomes?

Answer 44

The sister chromatids separate and each one moves toward a different centrosome

Question 45

How many chromatids from each chromosome do the new nuclei that form around each group of chromosomes get during mitosis?

Answer 45

They get one chromatid each from each chromosome

Question 46

What begins during mitosis when the two sets of chromosomes separate into different cells thus completing mitosis?

Answer 46

Cytokinesis

Question 47

What process signals the end of mitosis?

Answer 47

Cytokinesis

Question 48

During meiosis, after the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate, what is each chromosome searching for?

Answer 48

It's homologous chromosomes

Question 49

In a meiotic metaphase plate how are the chromosomes lined up?

Answer 49

The chromosomes are lined up in pairs of two homologous chromosomes, each one containing two sister chromatids

Question 50

During meiosis, when the chromatids arms get tangled up with eac other, genetic material gets traded between the sister chromatids. What does this tangling of chromatid arms result in?

Answer 50

Genetic variability

Question 51

The differences at the miotics spindle between mitosis and meiosis is what is separating. Explain what separates on the mitotic spindle during mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 51

During mitosis the sister chromatids split, during miosis the homologues separate

Question 52

During meiosis after homologues are separated, what is the result that occurs?

Answer 52

The result is two cells, each new cell having only one set of chromosomes

Question 53

What is the first stage of meiosis referred to as?

Answer 53

Miosis one

Question 54

What has occurred when miosis one is complete?

Answer 54

Two haploid cells

Question 55

During meiosis one since the sister chromatids did not separate what does each cell still have?

Answer 55

Two copies of it haploid sets of chromosomes

Question 56

During meiosis, and after miosis one, do the cells go in to interphase?

Answer 56

No

Question 57

What phase occurs after miosis one?

Answer 57

Meiosis two

Question 58

What occurs to the chromosomes during meiosis two?

Answer 58

Each of the chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate and the sister chromatids separate as in mitosis

Question 59

What is the result of the two meiotic divisions?

Answer 59

Four haploid cells