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Hobet V > Science 4 > Flashcards

Science 4 Flashcards

0
Q

What happens during prophase of mitosis?

A

The spindle fibers form and the centrioles moves to opposite sides of the cell. The nuclear membrane disappears.

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1
Q

Name the four phases of mitosis.

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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2
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

The chromosomes align midway along the spindle fibers.

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3
Q

What happens during anaphase of mitosis?

A

The chromosomes begin to separate from their daughters. Cytokinesis begins.

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4
Q

What happens during telophase of mitosis?

A

Identical sets of chromosomes are at opposite ends of the cell. Spindle fibers disappear, nuclear membranes reappear, and cytokinesis completes.

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5
Q

Name the eight phases of meiosis.

A

Prophase one, metaphase one, anaphase one, telophase one, prophase two, metaphase two, anaphase two, telophase two

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6
Q

In meiosis, what happens during prophase one?

A

Homologous chromosomes condense and link in the process forming tetrads. This allows crossing over or recombination to occur.

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7
Q

And meiosis, what occurs during metaphase 1?

A

Homologous chromosomes move to the metaphase plate.

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8
Q

In meiosis, what happens during anaphase 1?

A

Homologous chromosomes separate, but the sister chromatids stay together.

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9
Q

In my meiosis, what occurs in telophase 1?

A

Cytokinesis has occurred and two haploid daughter cells are the result.

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10
Q

In meiosis, what occurs during prophase two?

A

A brief stage in which spindle fibers begin to reappear and centrioles move to opposite poles.

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11
Q

In meiosis, what occurs during metaphase 2?

A

Sister chromatids align at a new metaphase plate.

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12
Q

During meiosis, what occurs during anaphase two?

A

Sister chromatids separate again.

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13
Q

During meiosis, what occurs during telophase two?

A

Four haploid cells results after cytokinesis.

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14
Q

During meiosis, a _______ cell will give rise to four ______ cells.

A

Diploidy, haploid

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15
Q

True or false. Mitosis and meiosis occur in all types of cells.

A

False. Mitosis occurs to replace old cells in the all cell types, while meiosis occurs in gametes to bring about genetic variation amongst offspring.

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16
Q

What two processes result in the formation of cellular energy for an organism?

A

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

17
Q

What organisms carry out the process of photosynthesis?

A

Green plants, green algae, and certain bacteria

18
Q

What happens during photosynthesis?

A

Energy from sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll and used to make glucose

19
Q

What organelle allows sunlight to be trapped by chlorophyll?

A

Chloroplast

20
Q

What three things contained in chloroplast is used to produce ATP?

A

Carbon dioxide, water, and energy from the sun

21
Q

What is ATP considered to be?

A

Cellular fuel

22
Q

What does the cellular fuel ATP provide the energy to accomplish?

A

Produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water liberating oxygen in the process

23
Q

What do you call an organism that is able to produce its own food?

A

Autotrophs

24
Q

What do you most out of autotrophs use to live?

A

Photosynthesis

25
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + energy= C6H12O6 + 6O2

Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight = glucose + oxygen

26
Q

What is the formula for glucose?

A

C6H1206

27
Q

During cellular respiration what is used to produce ATP for cells?

A

Glucose

28
Q

What are organisms called that cannot produce their own food?

A

Heterotrophs

29
Q

What process does heterotrophs use to produce cellular energy?

A

Cellular respiration

30
Q

During cellular respiration how is glucose broken down?

A

By the process of glycolysis

31
Q

What happens during the process of glycolysis?

A

Some of the energy from glucose is transferred to ATP

32
Q

What is another name for the citric acid cycle?

A

Krebs cycle

33
Q

What two cycles constitute cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

34
Q

What do cells use to carry out glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

A

Mitochondria

35
Q

During glycolysis and the Krebs cycle what happens to oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide?

A

Oxygen is used up while both water and carbon dioxide are formed as a byproduct

36
Q

What happens to the carbon dioxide that is formed as a byproduct from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

A

It is expelled but can be used by autotrophs during photosynthesis

37
Q

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6H1206+602 yields 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy

38
Q

A new type of algae has been discovered. To determine whether or not this allergy is an autotroph, the scientist should observe for which of the following? Chloroplast, mitochondria, glucose, or ATP.

A

Chloroplast

39
Q

The organelle implants that allows photosynthesis to occur is the ______, which contains the chemical ______ to trap energy from the sun.

A

Chloroplast, chlorophyll

Hobet V (14 decks)

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