science 4

Question 1

What is food?

Answer 1

provides the materials for energy, growth
and repair of tissues.

Question 2

What are the calories?

Answer 2

amount of energy needed to raise the
temperature of one gram of water by one degree
Celsius.

Question 3

What is metabolism?

Answer 3

represents the sum of all chemical
reactions that takes place within an organism.

Question 4

What are nutrients?

Answer 4

substances in food that provide the
raw materials and energy the body needs to
carry out all vital processes. There are six (6)
nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins,
minerals and water.

Question 5

What are Carbohydrates?

Answer 5

major source of quick
energy; provides the raw materials to
make parts of cells

Question 6

What are fats?

Answer 6

stored energy. Fats form part of the
cell membrane and fatty tissue protects
and supports your internal organs and
insulates your body. Brain Development

Question 7

What are vitamins and minerals?

Answer 7

Vitamins and Minerals are needed in
small amounts to carry out chemical
reactions.

Question 8

What is water?

Answer 8

Water is important because the chemical
reactions take place in water; blood flows
due to water; joints lubricated by water;
body temperature is regulated by water
(perspiration/sweat).

Question 9

What is included in Carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Simple: candy(refined white sugar), fruits
(fructose), milk (lactose)

Complex: Breads, Rice, Pasta, Crackers

Question 10

White refined sugar Equal=

Answer 10

poison poison poison poison poison poison poison poison poison poison

Question 11

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 11

a tube
(transport) system
which carries
nutrients to body
cells and carries
away waste. Blood
moves through
these tubes
carrying nutrients
and waste as well
as contains cells
that fight disease.

Question 12

What is the heart?

Answer 12

consists of four
(4) chambers that
pumps blood through
out body

Atria: upper chambers
that receives blood

Ventricles: lower
chambers that pumps
blood away from
heart.

** RIGHT
VENTRICLE: pumps
blood to LUNGS

** LEFT VENTRICLE:
pumps blood to
BODY (AORTA)

Question 13

What are the patterns of blood flow?

Answer 13

First Loop (Right Ventricle)

Heart
Lungs

Second Loop (Left Ventricle; Aorta)

Heart
Body

Question 14

What are the values?

Answer 14

(veins): prevents backflow (due to
lower blood pressure)

Question 15

what are pacemakers?

Answer 15

sends out electrical signal to
heart; heart muscle contracts regularly.

Question 16

What are the blood vessels type?

Answer 16

Arteries: carries blood AWAY from heart

Veins: carries blood to heart; has VALVES

Capillaries: tiny thread-like vessels for nutrient &
waste exchange between blood and body cells.

Question 17

What are the blood compositions?

Answer 17

plasma, red blood cells,
white blood cells, platelets; produced by the red
bone marrow.

Question 18

What is plasma?

Answer 18

liquid part; 90% water, 10% nutrients
(glucose, fat, vitamins, minerals), waste: “CO2,
water vapor”, proteins, chemical messengers.

Question 19

What are red blood cells?

Answer 19

carries oxygen to body cells; contains
hemoglobin (iron protein); lifespan 4 months; if blood bright red,
oxygen present, if blood dark red/brown, no oxygen present

Question 20

What are white blood cells?

Answer 20

White Blood Cells: disease fighting cells; lifespan
months-years; specialized cells

Example:

Cells: alarm system (T-cells & B-cells)

Cells produce chemicals (antibodies) to fight invasion

Cells that attack the invaders

Immune System (WBC’s)

Platelets:

clot blood;

produces fibrin protein

Question 21

What is the blood cell surface?

Answer 21

Blood Type: surface molecules found on
red blood cells

Rh Factor: also surface molecules found
on red blood cells

If Rh +, have Rh factor

If RH -, don’t have RH factor

If Rh- but have received RH+ blood, leads to
clumping of blood and death

Question 22

What is lymphatic?

Answer 22

cleans
and returns fluid to Circulatory System

Question 23

What is lymph?

Answer 23

contains water, glucose, white
blood cells

Question 24

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 24

traps invaders
microorganisms (bacteria); node – “filter”

Question 25

What are the arteries?

Answer 25

Arteries: blood flows away from the heart;

3 cell layers, thick walled, under high blood
pressure

cc

Question 26

what are veins?

Answer 26

Veins: blood flows towards the heart; Valves
prevent backflow due to low blood pressure;

3 cell layers, thin walled

Question 27

what are capillaries?

Answer 27

Capillaries: connect arterioles to veinuoles;
The site of capillaries/tissues is where
nutrient/waste exchange by diffusion takes
place; 1 cell layer

Question 28

What is pulse?

Answer 28

Pulse: expansion and relaxation of the artery
wall

Diffusion (osmosis): movement of
molecules from an area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration (through
membrane).

Blood Pressure: caused by the contraction
of the heart’s ventricles. As blood moves away
from the heart, blood pressure decreases.

Question 29

what is diffusion?

Answer 29

Diffusion (osmosis): movement of
molecules from an area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration (through
membrane).

Question 30

what is blood pleasure?

Answer 30

Blood Pressure: caused by the contraction
of the heart’s ventricles. As blood moves away
from the heart, blood pressure decreases.

Question 31

how many cells are there in the human body

Answer 31

30-60 trillion

Question 32

What is the respiratory system?

Answer 32

moves oxygen from
atmosphere to body cells; removes gaseous
waste (CO2 & water vapor)

Question 33

what is respiration?

Answer 33

is the chemical reaction:

Sugar + oxygen → energy + CO2 + water vapor

Question 34

What is breathing?

Answer 34

is the movement of air into and
out of the lungs.

Question 35

What are the path of air?

Answer 35

Nose air enters through nostrils

Pharynx throat; shared with digestive
system

Question 36

What is the system?

Answer 36

Larynx voice box; vocal cords

Trachea windpipe; tube from pharynx to
bronchus (lung)

Epiglottis trachea (windpipe) flap during
swallowing of food & liquids

Bronchi tube branches within lungs

Question 37

What is the lung?

Answer 37

organ that transfers gases from the
environment (atmosphere) into or out of
the Circulatory System.

Question 38

What is alveoli?

Answer 38

grapelike structures at end of
bronchioles surrounded by capillaries.

Excretory System’s Gas Waste

Site of gas exchange (O2, CO2, H2Og)

in, out, out

Question 39

What is the excretory system?

Answer 39

collects and removes
waste;

solids - rectum of Digestive System

liquids - kidneys of Urinary System

gases - lungs of the Respiratory System.

Question 40

What is urology?

Answer 40

the study of the urine and the

genitourinary tract in health and disease.

Question 41

What is gerontology?

Answer 41

the branch of medicine concerned
with the anus and rectum.

Studies kidney problems (kidney stones, gout)

Studies urinary bladder problems (bladder stones)

Studies prostate problems (difficulty urinating;
inflammation & cancer)

Studies rectum / anus problems (hemorrhoids)

Question 42

What are the organs of the excretory system.

Answer 42

Excretory Organs = kidneys, lungs, skin
ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Kidneys: organ which removes liquid waste from
the blood; a “filter”; humans have 2 kidneys

Urea: breakdown of protein (yellow color)

Liquid waste: urine (urea, water, other)

Ureter: tube which connects from kidneys to
urinary bladder.

Urinary Bladder: saclike muscular organ which
stores urine.

Urethra: tube which connects urinary bladder to
outside of body.

Question 43

What is a kidney?

Answer 43

contain many nephrons; Each
nephron filters the blood. By the process
of osmosis (diffusion), urea and some
water is removed but sugar and much of
the water is returned to the blood
(reabsorption). The urine is then stored in
the urinary bladder for future removal from
the body.