science

Question 1

What is the Immune system

Answer 1

Infectious disease, pathogen, toxin, antibody, antigen, phagocyte, lymphocyte, T
Cells, B cells, immune response, fever, inflammatory response

Question 2

What is the nervous system

Answer 2

Stimulus, response, neuron, nerve impulse, dendrites, axon, nerve fiber, nerve,
sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, synapse, reflex arc, central nervous
system, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system, somatic nervous
system, brain, spinal cord, cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, concussion, stroke

Question 3

What is the endocrine system

Answer 3

Hormones, Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal gland,
adrenaline, negative feedback loop, gigantism, dwarfism

Question 4

What is the reproductive system

Answer 4

testes, scrotum, semen, penis, ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina, ovulation,
fertilization, zygote, embryo, fetus, menstrual cycle

Question 5

What is the human life cycle

Answer 5

amniotic sac, placenta, umbilical cord, birth, delivery,
afterbirth, identical twins, fraternal twins, infancy,
childhood, adolescence, puberty, aging

Question 6

What is fertilization

Answer 6

joining of sperm and egg forming
zygote.

Question 7

What is a Zygote

Answer 7

fertilized egg

Question 8

What is the pre-birth development

Answer 8

Zygote → Embryo → Fetus → (birth) → newborn baby

Question 9

what is an embryo

Answer 9

from “two cell stage” to 8 weeks;

cell division occurs.

Question 10

what is a fetus

Answer 10

3-9 months(birth)

Question 11

what is the Amniotic Sac

Answer 11

fluid filled sac that cushions/protects
embryo/fetus

Question 12

Placenta

Answer 12

regulating organ between baby & mother;
nutrients/oxygen in & waste out

Question 13

what is the Umbilical cord

Answer 13

connects fetus to placenta
belly button

Question 14

What is birth

Answer 14

Birth: ~ 9 month in humans; three stages:

labor, delivery, afterbirth

Labor: strong muscular contractions of uterus,
cervix (opening) enlarges

Delivery: from uterus to outside world

Afterbirth: contractions push placenta and
other membranes/fluid out through the vagina.

Question 15

What are identical twins

Answer 15

from a single fertilized egg
that splits results in two genetically
identical individuals (copies).

Question 16

what are fraternal twins

Answer 16

two different

eggs released & fertilized by

two different sperm; two different
individuals sharing the same womb.

Question 17

what is infancy

Answer 17

dramatic change in shape & size;
nervous / muscular system development; learning
new physical skills.

Question 18

what is childhood

Answer 18

more active, independent,
further physical & mental changes

Question 19

what is adolescence

Answer 19

gradual change from child to
adult

Question 20

what is puberty

Answer 20

At 12-14 yrs, ability to reproduce;

produce baby

Question 21

what is aging

Answer 21

(30+ yrs) skin begins to wrinkle, decrease
muscle strength, changing hair color, eye
problems (40-65 yrs) menopause (ovulation,
menstruation stops), decrease sperm

Slow Aging: diet, exercise

Question 22

What is the nucleus

Answer 22

membrane bound control center of
cell containing X-shaped structures called
chromosomes. Each chromosome consists
of two chromatids held together by a
centromere.

Question 23

what are chromosones

Answer 23

X-shaped structure
consisting of a single DNA molecule.

Question 24

What’s are DNA molecules

Answer 24

consisting of genes, the
“code of life”

Question 25

What are organisms

Answer 25

½ genes mom + ½ genes dad

Question 26

what is interphase

Answer 26

chromosomes can not be seen;
doubling of chromosomes; nuclear membrane
present; 99% of cell life.

Question 27

What does mitosis stand for

Answer 27

Prophase: spindle fibers form; chromosomes seen
(randomly arranged).

Metaphase: chromosomes line up in the Middle,
no nuclear membrane.

Anaphase: chromosomes move Apart (Away)

Telophase: Two joined cells; two nuclear
membranes form

Question 28

what is cytokineses

Answer 28

Two separated daughter cells form.

Question 29

what is cell division

Answer 29

growth (embryo, fetus, infancy → adulthood) and
repair/maintanence of an organism

Question 30

what is asexual reproduction

Answer 30

simple life

1 parent / 2 daughter cells

parent/daughter cells identical appearance
(genes)

parent/daughter cell same number of
chromosomes

My toes
(Mitosis)

are identical !!

Question 31

What is sexual reproduction

Answer 31

Two parents (male, female)

daughter cells are a mixture/combination of
genes compared to parent cell (by crossover)

parent to daughter cell different number
of chromosomes

Parent 2x chromosomes compared to
daughter cells

Daughter half (½) chromosomes
compared to parent cell

Sperm and egg = Me i o sis

Question 32

What is cancer

Answer 32

abnormal cell division; uncontrolled
mitosis; certain DNA mutations cause cells to
divide in an uncontrolled way.

Question 33

What is the cause of cancer

Answer 33

Mutations are caused by:

1] Chemicals (carcinogens; ex: smoking,
gasoline, alcohol, fried foods)

2] Radiation (high dose; atomic bomb, nuclear
reactor meltdown Chernobyl (for Simon),
Ukraine)

3] Hereditary (ex: breast cancer)

Question 34

what is caner treatment

Answer 34

surgery, radiation, drugs,
immunotherapy.

Question 35

how can you prevent cancer

Answer 35

avoid smoking, eat healthy diet,
protect skin from bright sunlight. Vitamins may
help.

Question 36

what are gene’s

Answer 36

allele (dad) + allele (mom)

Question 37

what are allele

Answer 37

T or t

Question 38

what is a purebred

Answer 38

same alleles (gene);
TT, tt

Question 39

what are hybrid

Answer 39

mixture of alleles; Tt

Question 40

what is being dominant

Answer 40

shows itself (strong); Tt, TT

Question 41

what is recessive

Answer 41

often hidden (weak); tt

Question 42

what is an offspring

Answer 42

children

Question 43

what was Mendel’s experiment

Answer 43

Mendel took pea plant’s and had them reproduce and looked at there alleles and mated them he found that for every four children there will be 3 tall and 1 chort.