sci_mod14

Question 1

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Answer 1

Veins

Question 2

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Answer 2

Arteries

Question 3

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and cells

Answer 3

Capillaries

Question 4

What purpose do the lungs serve?

Answer 4

The lungs oxygenate the blood and allow the blood to get rid of carbon dioxide.

Question 5

What purpose does the heart serve?

Answer 5

The heart pumps blood throughout the circulatory system.

Question 6

How many chambers are there in a human heart? Name them.

Answer 6

The human heart has four chambers: the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle.

Question 7

What is special about a four-chambered heart as compared to a three-chambered heart or a two- chambered heart?

Answer 7

A four-chambered heart separates deoxygenated blood from oxygenated blood. This is much more efficient than other kinds of hearts.

Question 8

In what kind of blood vessels does the blood transfer oxygen to the cells and pick up wastes?

Answer 8

Capillaries are the vessels which allow exchange of gases between the cells and the blood.

Question 9

When deoxygenated blood is returning to the heart, into what chamber does it enter the heart?

Answer 9

Deoxygenated blood comes into the heart through the vena cava and gets dumped into the right atrium.

Question 10

After entering the heart, the deoxygenated blood is then transferred to a second chamber. What chamber is that?

Answer 10

After filling the right atrium, the deoxygenated blood is pushed into the right ventricle.

Question 11

When deoxygenated blood leaves the heart, where does it go?

Answer 11

When deoxygenated blood leaves the heart, it heads for the lungs to become oxygenated.

Question 12

When oxygenated blood comes into the heart, what chamber does it fill?

Answer 12

Oxygenated blood that is returning to the heart fills the left atrium.

Question 13

Once the oxygenated blood is back in the heart, it is then transferred to another chamber. What chamber is that?

Answer 13

After entering the left atrium, the oxygenated blood is dumped into the left ventricle.

Question 14

When oxygenated blood leaves the heart, through what artery does it travel first?

Answer 14

When oxygenated blood is leaving the heart, it is pumped out into the aorta.

Question 15

Most veins carry what kind of blood (oxygenated or deoxygenated)? Are there any exceptions to this general rule of thumb?

Answer 15

Veins usually carry deoxygenated blood, because they are carrying it back to the heart to be pumped into the lungs. There are exceptions. The pulmonary vein, for example, carries oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs. You need not know the name of the exception.

Question 16

Name the three types of blood cells and their main job in the blood.

Answer 16

The red blood cells carry oxygen to the other cells of the body. The white blood cells fight disease-causing organisms, and the blood platelets aid the coagulation process when a blood vessel is injured.

Question 17

What makes up more than half of your blood?

Answer 17

More than half of your blood is blood plasma.

Question 18

What is hemoglobin and where is it found?

Answer 18

Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen. It is found in the red blood cells.

Question 19

Where are blood cells produced?

Answer 19

Blood cells are produced in bone marrow.

Question 20

What are alveoli? What happens in the alveoli?

Answer 20

Alveoli are small sacks at the end of tiny bronchial tubes. Oxygenation of blood takes place in them. The blood also gives up waste products there.

Question 21

What kind of blood vessels surround the alveoli?

Answer 21

Capillaries surround the alveoli, since that’s where the blood gets oxygen and releases wastes.

Question 22

Where are bronchial tubes found and what travels in them?

Answer 22

Bronchial tubes are found in the lungs. Air travels through them.

Question 23

When you inhale, air travels through the following parts of the respiratory system: pharynx, nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, alveoli, bronchial tubes
List these parts in the order in which inhaled air passes through them.

Answer 23

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, alveoli

Question 24

Which of the parts listed in the problem above contains the vocal cords?

Answer 24

Vocal cords are found in the larynx.

Question 25

What controls the volume of the sound produced by the vocal cords? What controls the pitch of the sound produced?

Answer 25

The amount of air that passes over the vocal cords controls the volume of the sound, and the tightness of the vocal cords determines the pitch.

Question 26

A sample of fluid is taken from a tube within a plant. If it is mostly water, which was it taken from: a xylem or phloem tube?

Answer 26

The xylem transport water up the plant. The phloem transport food down the plant. Thus, this sample was taken from the plant’s xylem.