sci_mod13

Question 1

The process by which an organism breaks down its food into small units which can be absorbed.

Answer 1

Digestion

Question 2

a chemical substance essential for the normal working of the human body

Answer 2

Vitamin

Question 3

What keeps food from going down into your larynx?

Answer 3

The epiglottis covers the larynx when you swallow. It stays open when you breathe.

Question 4

What would happen to the digestive process if the pancreas stopped making the base that it uses to neutralize stomach acid?

Answer 4

The digestive process would essentially stop in the small intestine, because the digestive chemicals in the small intestine cannot work in the presence of acid.

Question 5

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 5

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble.

Question 6

Which vitamins (fat-soluble or water-soluble) are the most likely to build up to toxic levels in the body if you take too many?

Answer 6

The fat-soluble vitamins are the most likely to build up to toxic levels, as the water-soluble vitamins can be ejected from the body through the urine.

Question 7

What kind of role do most vitamins play in the body?

Answer 7

Vitamins typically regulate the chemical processes in the body.

Question 8

Which two vitamins can the body absorb without eating food that contains those vitamins?

Answer 8

Vitamins D and K. Vitamin D is made from sunlight hitting the skin, and vitamin K is made by bacteria in the large intestine.

Question 9

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The tongue

Answer 9

The tongue is a part of the digestive system and a part of the digestive tract. It moves the food around in the mouth to form the bolus. It also provides a sense of taste, but that’s more a part of its nervous system function, which you will learn about later.

Question 10

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The larynx

Answer 10

The larynx is not a part of the digestive system.

Question 11

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The trachea

Answer 11

The trachea is not a part of the digestive system.

Question 12

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The pancreas

Answer 12

The pancreas is a part of the digestive system but not a part of the digestive tract. It has two main functions. It makes several digestive juices which are squirted into the small intestine as chyme passes through the pyloric sphincter. In addition, it also produces a base to neutralize the stomach acid. The base is called sodium bicarbonate, but you do not have to know that.

Question 13

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The stomach

Answer 13

The stomach is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It churns and mixes the food with gastric juices. The gastric juices contain stomach acid which destroys bacteria that might have been eaten with the food and helps dissolve the food. The gastric juices also contain some digestive chemicals that start the chemical digestion of the food. This turns the bolus of food into chyme.

Question 14

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The small intestine

Answer 14

The small intestine is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It chemically digests the food and allows the nutrients to be absorbed through its lining.

Question 15

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The rectum

Answer 15

The rectum is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It pushes food out of the body through the anus.

Question 16

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The salivary glands

Answer 16

The salivary glands are a part of the digestive system. Technically, they are not part of the digestive tract because food does not pass through them. Don’t worry if you got that wrong. They put saliva in the mouth. The saliva partially digests the food, but it also lubricates the mouth and makes it easier for the tongue to form the bolus.

Question 17

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The pharynx

Answer 17

The pharynx is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It pushes food into the esophagus.

Question 18

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The esophagus

Answer 18

The esophagus is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It pushes food down into the stomach.

Question 19

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The lungs

Answer 19

The lungs are not a part of the digestive system.

Question 20

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The liver

Answer 20

The liver is a part of the digestive system but not a part of the digestive tract. It has many functions. The most important digestion-related functions are making bile, converting monosaccharides to glycogen for storage, breaking glycogen down when the body needs energy, storing amino acids, storing fats, and converting fats and amino acids into monosaccharides when the body needs energy. The liver has many other functions, but those are the ones I want you to remember.

Question 21

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The gall bladder

Answer 21

The gall bladder is a part of the digestive system but not a part of the digestive tract. It concentrates bile and squirts the bile into the chyme as the chyme enters the small intestine. Bile is a chemical that aids in the digestion of fats.

Question 22

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The large intestine

Answer 22

The large intestine is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It consolidates undigested food, absorbs water from it, and turns the resulting waste into feces. Bacteria in the large intestine also produce vitamin K.

Question 23

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The appendix

Answer 23

The appendix is a part of the digestive system. It is not a part of the digestive tract. You might have thought that it was since it is attached to the large intestine, but it is not. It sort of “hangs” off the large intestine and food never passes through it. Its function is not known. Many think that it is a highly- specialized disease-fighting organ.

Question 24

For each organ in the figure, answer the following questions:
Is it a part of the digestive system?
If it is a part of the digestive system, is it a part of the digestive tract? The anus

Answer 24

The anus is a part of the digestive system and the digestive tract. It is the opening through which feces exit.