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Science 8 > sci_mod 9-16 > Flashcards

sci_mod 9-16 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The speed at which the human population is growing decreases every year.

A

True

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2
Q

Every year since it has been studied, the amount of food per person on the earth has decreased.

A

False

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3
Q

An organism is made of many eukaryotic cells and eats other, living organisms. To which kingdom does it belong?

A

Animalia

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4
Q

An organism is composed of one prokaryotic cell and eats other, living organisms. To which kingdom does it belong?

A

Monera

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5
Q

An organism is made of many eukaryotic cells and makes its own food. It has roots, stems, and leaves. To which kingdom does it belong?

A

Plantae

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6
Q

An organism is made up of one eukaryotic cell and eats only dead organisms. To which kingdom does it belong?

A

Fungi

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7
Q

Three strips of bacon are left lying on a table for 2 hours. The first is left uncovered. The second is salted. The third is salted and covered with plastic wrap. Which strip of bacon will be most contaminated by bacteria?

A

The first strip

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8
Q

What two parts of a plant cell work together to make turgor pressure?

A

The central vacuole and the cell wall.

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9
Q

When a plant wilts, does that mean it is dead?

A

No, it is not dead.

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10
Q

Is a cockroach a consumer, producer, or decomposer?

A

decomposer

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11
Q

Is a mosquito a consumer, producer, or decomposer?

A

consumer

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12
Q

Are peas a consumer, producer, or decomposer?

A

producer

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13
Q

If you use lard or shortening (fats which are solid at room temperature) while you are cooking, are you using saturated fats or unsaturated fats?

A

saturated fats

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14
Q

Which of the following does combustion require?

A

Oxygen

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15
Q

One half of a portion of DNA has the following sequence: thymine, cytosine, guanine, adenine, guanine, thymine.
What is the sequence of nucleotides on the other half of this portion?

A

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, cytosine, adenine

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16
Q

What two things are produced by photosynthesis?

A

glucose and oxygen

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17
Q

Metabolism produces energy, carbon dioxide, and _________.

A

water

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18
Q

If a certain type of organism produces lots of offspring, what can you conclude about the level of danger that the organism experiences throughout the course of its life?

A

The organism likely lives a fairly dangerous life.

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19
Q

If a person’s biceps could not relax but was constantly contracted, would his forearm be flexed or extended?

A

His forearm would be flexed.

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20
Q

Classify this animal: A brown bear with a thick, fur coat.

A

mammal

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21
Q

Classify this animal: A salamander - an animal that has spots and breathes through its skin.

A

amphibian

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22
Q

Classify this animal: A penguin - an animal that lives at the South Pole and has tight, waterproof feathers.

A

bird

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23
Q

Organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food.

A

Consumers

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24
Q

A unit used to measure energy.

A

Calorie

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25
Q

The minimum amount of energy required by the body every day.

A

Basal metabolic rate

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26
Q

A consumer that eats both plants and other consumers.

A

Omnivore

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27
Q

What carbohydrates must be broken down into before they are burned.

A

Monosaccharides

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28
Q

The longest of the three basic kinds of carbohydrates.

A

Polysaccharides

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29
Q

Usually the last macronutrient that is burned by the body.

A

Proteins

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30
Q

Usually the second macronutrient that is burned by the body.

A

Fats

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31
Q

An organism that does not have a constant internal temperature.

A

Ectothermic

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32
Q

The most important organelle in the cell where you will find the DNA of the organism.

A

Nucleus

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33
Q

The smallest unit of life in Creation.

A

Cell

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34
Q

The smallest stable unit of matter in Creation.

A

Atom

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35
Q

A living system that is isolated from its surroundings and its contents continue to live and grow.

A

Biosphere

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36
Q

The process by which a living organism takes energy from its surroundings and uses it to sustain
itself, develop, and grow.

A

Metabolism

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37
Q

Produces the cells that are in your blood.

A

Bone marrow

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38
Q

The process that forms your hair, nails, and the outer layer of your skin.

A

Keratinization

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39
Q

A body covering, typically made of a tough, flexible substance called chitin, that provides support and protection.

A

Exoskeleton

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40
Q

Two or more different organisms living together so that each benefits from the other.

A

Symbiosis

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41
Q

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and the trunk.

A

Axial skeleton

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42
Q

The sum total of all bones in the body.

A

Endoskeleton

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43
Q

Bones increase or decrease their mass as needed.

A

True

44
Q

Which is composed of fats being stored by your body?

A

yellow bone marrow

45
Q

Which produces the cells in your blood?

A

red bone marrow

46
Q

Where is the red bone marrow found?

A

spongy bone tissue

47
Q

What is the main difference between algae and plants? Which kingdom contains algae, and which kingdom contains plants?

A

Algae does not have specialized structures while plants do. Kingdom Protista contains algae and kingdom Plantae contains plants.

48
Q

Why do endothermic organisms have a higher BMR than ectothermic organisms?

A

Endothermic animals have to expend their energy so they can keep their internal temperatures high.

49
Q

Our body needs 20 amino acids. How many can our cells make own their own? How many must we consume in our food? What are those amino acids called that we must consume in food?

A

All I know about this question is that we need 9 of the 20 amino acids and that essential amino acids are amino acids that the body needs but cannot make. I also know that proteins are made by linking together amino acids. Vegetarians have a hard time getting those 9 essential amino acids because they only eat plants, and plants rarely have all of them. You can get those essential amino acids from animal protein easily.

50
Q

If you are not eating enough protein, your body will start breaking down what kind of tissue to get the amino acids it needs? If your body has too many proteins that it needs, what will it turn into?

A

It will start breaking down muscle tissue. If it has too much, it will convert into carbohydrates or fats.

51
Q

What are arrector pili?

A

It is the muscle at the base of the hair follicle. It is what we call goosebumps. It makes our hair rise to keep heat close to us.

52
Q

From which chamber of the heart does deoxygenated blood leave on its way to the lungs?

A

right ventricle

53
Q

If a sample of blood is oxygenated, did it most likely come from an artery or a vein?

A

artery

54
Q

What cells in the blood aid the process of blood coagulation?

A

platelets

55
Q

You are given a sample from a person’s lungs. Looking at it under the microscope, you may see many little round sacs that are covered in capillaries. What structures are you looking at?

A

alveoli

56
Q

When you exhale air, where does the air pass through first?

A

trachea

57
Q

You are listening to a man and a woman singing. The man is singing loudly with a very low pitch. The woman is singing much more softly but at a high pitch. Which singer is passing more air over his or her vocal chords?

A

the man

58
Q

Makes up the majority of the blood.

A

plasma

59
Q

Contain hemoglobin.

A

red blood cells

60
Q

Fight disease.

A

white blood cells

61
Q

Organ that carefully control the levels of chemicals in blood.

A

kidneys

62
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

A

arteries

63
Q

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and cells.

A

capillaries

64
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

A

veins

65
Q

Where blood cells are manufactured.

A

bone marrow

66
Q

A vitamin is a chemical substance essential for the normal working of the human body.

A

true

67
Q

Although vitamins are essential to the functioning of our bodies, minerals are not essential.

A

false

68
Q

The epiglottis is a vestigial organ.

A

false

69
Q

A gland is a group of cells that prepare and release a chemical for use by the body.

A

true

70
Q

A vaccine is a chemical messenger released in the bloodstream that sends signals to distant cells, causing them to change their behavior in specific ways.

A

false

71
Q

The endocrine system is chiefly responsible for fighting disease.

A

false

72
Q

The Autonomic nervous system is the system of nerves which carries instructions from the CNS to the body’s smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands.

A

true

73
Q

The motor nervous system is the system of nerves which carries information from the body’s receptors to the CNS.

A

false

74
Q

Suppose you are looking through a microscope at a sample of living tissue. You watch the blood vessels and notice that the blood is going from oxygenated to deoxygenated as it passes through the vessels. What kind of blood vessels are you looking at?

A

capillaries

75
Q

What cells in the lymphatic system produce antibodies?

A

B-cells

76
Q

What cells in the lymphatic system give vaccines the ability to make people mostly immune from certain diseases?

A

Memory B-cells

77
Q

A doctor has two medicines that fight the same disease. The first medicine is given if the patient has the disease. The second is given to patients who have never had the disease. Which of the two is a vaccine?

A

the second

78
Q

Once blood enters the kidney through the renal artery, it delivers oxygen and nutrients to the kidney’s cells and picks up their waste products. The following steps then happen. Put them into the proper order: (A)Chemicals and water are absorbed into the blood. (B)The blood is filtered. (C)Water and chemicals go into the renal pelvis, through the ureter, and into the bladder.(D)Nutrients, water, and chemicals travel through a nephron.

A

B,D,A,C

79
Q

If many of the endocrine glands in the body begin to malfunction, just one gland might be responsible. Which gland might that be?

A

pituitary

80
Q

Is vitamin C water-soluble?

A

yes

81
Q

Is vitamin E water-soluble?

A

no

82
Q

Is vitamin K water-soluble?

A

no

83
Q

Can vitamin D be absorbed by the body even if it is not in any food that is eaten?

A

yes

84
Q

Can vitamin C be absorbed by the body even if it is not in any food that is eaten?

A

no

85
Q

Is vitamin E likely to build up to toxic levels if you take too many vitamin pills?

A

yes

86
Q

In which organ does most of the absorption of nutrients occur?

A

small intestine

87
Q

In which organ is the bolus turned into chyme?

A

stomach

88
Q

In which organ is the undigested food turned into feces?

A

large intestine

89
Q

Which organ produces the sodium bicarbonate that neutralizes the stomach acid in the chyme?

A

pancreas

90
Q

Which organ moves the food around in the mouth to form the bolus?

A

tongue

91
Q

Which organ produces bile?

A

liver

92
Q

Produces hormones that regulate the basal metabolic rate

A

thyroid

93
Q

Controls the pituitary gland.

A

hypothalamus

94
Q

Produces hormones that control many of the endocrine glands.

A

pituitary

95
Q

Produces insulin which enables glucose to enter the cells.

A

pancreas

96
Q

Chemicals that travel across the synapse, transmitting a signal from the end of one axon to a receiving cell.

A

Neurotransmitters

97
Q

Deforms the lens in the eye to adjust focus.

A

Ciliary muscle

98
Q

The part of the autonomic nervous system which slows the heart rate.

A

Parasympathetic division

99
Q

Converts the rocking motion of the ossicles into electrical signals that the brain interprets as sound.

A

Cochlea

100
Q

Allows the different hemispheres of the brain to communicate.

A

Corpus callosum

101
Q

Controls most of the high level thinking skills such as reasoning.

A

Cerebrum

102
Q

Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies.

A

Gray matter

103
Q

The spinal cord is protected by the _________ __________.

A

vertebral column

104
Q

The brain is divided into halves called ______________s.

A

hemispheres

105
Q

The __________ side of the cerebrum tends to be responsible for speaking, logic, and math.

A

left

106
Q

In the majority of people, the right side of the body tends to be dominant.

A

true

107
Q

The brain floats in liquid called cerebrospinal fluid.

A

true

Science 8 (12 decks)

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