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Science 8 > sci_mod13-15 > Flashcards

sci_mod13-15 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the process by which an organism breaks down its food into small units that can be absorbed by the body.

A

digestion

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2
Q

a chemical substance the body needs in small amounts to stay healthy.

A

vitamin

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3
Q

where most nutrient absorption occurs.

A

small intestine

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4
Q

turns the bolus into chyme.

A

stomach

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5
Q

converts waste into feces.

A

large intestine

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6
Q

produces sodium bicarbonate.

A

pancreas

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7
Q

store glycogen until the body needs energy.

A

liver

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8
Q

produce saliva.

A

salivary glands

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9
Q

removes about 90% water from bile and shoots bile into the chyme.

A

gall bladder

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10
Q

Bile is made by the:

A

liver

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11
Q

The tongue moves the food in the mouth to form the:

A

bolus

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12
Q

The __________ covers the larynx when you swallow.

A

epiglottis

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13
Q

A vitamin is a chemical substance essential for the normal working of the human body.

A

true

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14
Q

Although vitamins are essential to the functioning of our bodies, minerals are not essential.

A

false

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15
Q

The epiglottis is a vestigial organ.

A

false

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16
Q

Is vitamin C water-soluble?

A

yes

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17
Q

Is vitamin E water-soluble?

A

no

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18
Q

Is vitamin K water-soluble?

A

no

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19
Q

Can vitamin D be absorbed by the body even if it is not in any food that is eaten?

A

yes

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20
Q

Can vitamin C be absorbed by the body even if it is not in any food that is eaten?

A

no

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21
Q

Is vitamin E likely to build up to toxic levels if you take too many vitamin pills?

A

yes

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22
Q

Where are fat-soluble vitamins stored…which organ? Why can our body not store water-soluble vitamins?

A

Fat soluble vitamins are stored in the gall bladder. Our body cannot store water-soluble vitamins because they have to be ejected through urine. Our body is made up of 75% water.

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23
Q

The appendix is considered by some scientists as a vestigial organ. What does that mean? What can the appendix do?

A

A vestigial organ means that they think the appendix does not do anything. The appendix is actually a safe
house for the bacteria that live in your intestines.

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24
Q

From which chamber of the heart does deoxygenated blood leave on its way to the lungs?

A

right ventricle

25
Q

If a sample of blood is oxygenated, did it most likely come from an artery or a vein?

A

artery

26
Q

What cells in the blood aid the process of blood coagulation?

A

platelets

27
Q

You are given a sample from a person’s lungs. Looking at it under the microscope, you may see many little round sacs that are covered in capillaries. What structures are you looking at?

A

alveoli

28
Q

When you exhale air, where does the air pass through first?

A

trachea

29
Q

You are listening to a man and a woman singing. The man is singing loudly with a very low pitch. The woman is singing much more softly but at a high pitch. Which singer is passing more air over his or her vocal chords?

A

the man

30
Q

Makes up the majority of the blood.

A

plasma

31
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

A

veins

32
Q

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and cells.

A

capillaries

33
Q

Organ that carefully control the levels of chemicals in blood.

A

kidneys

34
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

A

arteries

35
Q

Fight disease.

A

white blood cells

36
Q

Contain hemoglobin.

A

red blood cells

37
Q

Where blood cells are manufactured.

A

bone marrow

38
Q

What is blood coagulation? Explain the process.

A

Blood coagulation is an extremely complex process that is very difficult to explain. Basically, blood platelets work on a broken blood vessel to patch it up when it is damaged. The blood platelets then harden so you don’t bleed to death.

39
Q

What are xylem? What is their purpose?

A

Xylem carry food and water up a plant. If you were to put a plant in colored water, it would change the plant petal color. Additional information: Phloem carry water down a plant.

40
Q

Produces hormones that regulate the basal metabolic rate.

A

thyroid gland

41
Q

Produces cortisol, which causes the liver to release glucose into the blood.

A

adrenal gland

42
Q

A chemical messenger released into the bloodstream that sends signals to cells which changes their behaviors.

A

hormone

43
Q

Produces insulin which enables glucose to enter the cells.

A

pancreas

44
Q

Produces hormones that control many of the endocrine glands.

A

pituitary gland

45
Q

Controls the pituitary gland.

A

hypothalamus

46
Q

A gland is a group of cells that prepare and release a chemical for use by the body.

A

true

47
Q

A vaccine is a chemical messenger released in the bloodstream that sends signals to distant cells, causing them to change their behavior in specific ways.

A

false

48
Q

The endocrine system is chiefly responsible for fighting disease.

A

false

49
Q

What cells in the lymphatic system produce antibodies?

A

B-cells

50
Q

What cells in the lymphatic system give vaccines the ability to make people mostly immune from certain diseases?

A

Memory B-cells

51
Q

A doctor has two medicines that fight the same disease. The first medicine is given if the patient has the disease. The second is given to patients who have never had the disease. Which of the two is a vaccine?

A

the second

52
Q

If many of the endocrine glands in the body begin to malfunction, just one gland might be responsible. Which gland might that be?

A

pituitary

53
Q

The lacrimal glands produce tears.

A

True

54
Q

Urine leaves the body through the _____________.

A

urethra

55
Q

What do B-cells do? What do T-cells do?

A

B-cells are like archers that fight microorganisms. T-cells actually fight the microorganisms head-on, like swordsmen.

56
Q

What two things does the spleen do?

A

The spleen cleans and produces antibodies.

57
Q

What does a kidney do with any excess water or chemicals? Where do they go?

A

They are sent out of the kidney via the renal pelvis and are dumped into the ureter. They go to the bladder and then out of the body through the urethra.

58
Q

What is the purpose of dialysis?

A

To hook someone up to an artificial kidney when their kidney is not functioning properly. It is supposed to clean their blood like a real kidney would do, even though the machine does not do it as efficiently as God’s design in our bodies.

59
Q

What two kinds of structures make up the lymphatic system? In which of these structures is the lymph actually cleaned?

A

Lymph vessels and lymph nodes. The lymph is cleaned in the lymph nodes.

Science 8 (12 decks)

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