SCI - General

Question 1

Brown-Sequard syndrome: Cause

Answer 1

stab/gunshot

Question 2

Brown-Sequard syndrome: ipsilateral manifestation problem

Answer 2

1. weakness/paralysis
2. loss of proprioception/vibration/ 2pt descrim
3. reduced reflexes, clonus, spasticity

Question 3

Brown-Sequard syndrome: contralateral manifestation

Answer 3

1. pain & temperature several levels below lesion

Question 4

Brown-Sequard syndrome: what is preserved ipsilaterally

Answer 4

1. Ant/lateral Spinothalamic tract - pain & temp & deep touch

Question 5

Central Cord Lesion: Cause

Answer 5

Cavitation/hyperextension injury

Question 6

Central Cord Lesion: Sensation loss

Answer 6

Loss of spinothalamic tract. DCML is maintained

Question 7

Central Cord Lesion: Motor loss

Answer 7

UE loss, preserved LE

Question 8

Posterior Cord Lesion: Sensation and motor

Answer 8

DCML loss & ataxic gait

Question 9

Cauda Equina: Location & Sensory & motor

Answer 9

L1 and below. Sensory loss/paralysis/bladder/bowel

Question 10

Phrenic Nerve Roots

Answer 10

C3-5

Question 11

Thoracodorsal Nerve Roots

Answer 11

C6-8

Question 12

Reflex bladder vs Autonomous (nonreflex) bladder

Answer 12

1. UMN S2-4 reflex bladder will empty after a specific threshold.
2. LMN S2-4 Autonomous bladders can be emptied with manual compression

Question 13

With thoracolumbar SCI: CV&P influence..

Answer 13

Reduced sympathetic innervation: Bradycardia, hypotension, peripheral vasodilation

Question 14

Autonomic Dysreflexia: location & response

Answer 14

1. Occurs in lesions above C6.
2. Hypertension, bradycardia, severe headache, anxiety, constricted pupils, blurred vision, piloerection, increased spasticity

Question 15

C1-C4: Wc

Answer 15

1. electric wc
2. Tilt in space/recline
3. Puff-and-sip controls

Question 16

C5: Wc

Answer 16

1. Manual with propulsion aids/projections for short distance
2. Electric for long distance

Question 17

C6: Wc

Answer 17

Manual wc with friction surface handrim

Question 18

C7: Wc

Answer 18

Manual wc with friction surface handrim

Question 19

C8 & T1: Wc

Answer 19

Manual wc with standard handrim

Question 20

T6-T9: Locomotor training

1. Distance/Surface
2. Orthotic/AD
3. Gait pattern

Answer 20

1. Short distances, flat ground/household
2. KAFO c crutches
3. Swing through

Question 21

T12-L3: Locomotor training

1. Distance/Surface
2. Orthotic/AD
3. Gait pattern

Answer 21

1. Independent on all surfaces
2. KAFO c crutches OR Reciprocating gait orthosis c/out FES
3. Swing-through or 4 point

Question 22

L4-5: Locomotor training

1. Distance/Surface
2. Orthotic/AD
3. Gait pattern

Answer 22

1. Independent on all surfaces and community ambulator
2. Bilateral AFOs and crutches or canes
3. Step through possibility

Question 23

Common causes of autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 23

1. Bladder distention is most common cause
2. rectal distension, pressure sores, urinary stones, bladder infections, noxious cutaneous stimuli, kidney malfunction, environmental temperature changes.