Sci

Question 1

Causes of spinal cord injury

Answer 1

Most common motor vehicle accidents other ideologies stabbing, falls, sports injuries, high-risk behaviors
Approximate 250,000 people in US

Question 2

Flexion injury most often occurs at what levels?

Answer 2

C5-6

Question 3

Extension injuries occur most often out what levels?

Answer 3

C4-5

Question 4

What is Asia impairment skill level A?

Answer 4

Complete known sensory or motor function is preserved in sacral segments S4 to S5

Question 5

What is Asia impairment skill level B?

Answer 5

Sensory incomplete, Sensory but no motor function preserved along neurologic level and extends to sacral segments S4-5

Question 6

What is difference between Asia impairment skill level C and D?

Answer 6

Both Motor incomplete
Motor function is preserve below the neurologic level, Most key muscles below neurologic level have muscle grade
C <3
D >=3

Question 7

What is Asia impairments scale grade level E?

Answer 7

Normal sensory and motor functions are normal

Question 8

What does ASIA stand for?

Answer 8

American spinal injury Association

Question 9

What is the max possible score for motor index scoring?

Answer 9

100, 25 per extremity using 0 to 5 scale

Question 10

What is sensory level determined by?

Answer 10

Light touch and pin prick

Determined by most caudal dermatome with normal 2/2 score

Question 11

What is motor level determined by?

Answer 11

Most cuddle key muscles with strength of 3 or greater and superior segment tested at normal or 5

Question 12

What key muscles are tested and upper extremity?

Answer 12

C5 elbow flexors, biceps, brachialis
C6 wrist extensors, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
C7 elbow extensors, triceps
C8 finger flexors Middle finger, flexor digitorum profundus
T1 Small finger abductors, abductor dígiti minimi

Question 13

What key muscles are tested and lower extremities?

Answer 13

L2 Hip flexors, iliopsoas
L3 knee extensors, quadriceps
L4 ankle Dorsiflexors, tibialis anterior
L5 Long toe extensors, extensor Hallucis longus
S1 ankle plantar flexors, gastrocnemius, soleus

Question 14

Anterior cord syndrome

Answer 14

Incomplete lesion of Anterior part of spinal cord or anterior spinal artery damaged
MOI is usually cervical flexion
Loss of motor function, pain and temperature sense below level of lesion
Corticospinal
Spinothalamic

Question 15

Brown sequards syndrome

Answer 15

Incomplete lesion usually caused by stab wound, how many section of spinal cord
Corticospinal- Paralysis same side
DCML - loss of vibratory and positional sense on the same side
Lateral spinothalamic- Loss of pain and temperature on opposite side

Question 16

Cauda equina injury

Answer 16

Injury below L1
May be complete, frequently incomplete due to large number of nerve roots in area
Peripheral nerve injury
Symptoms include facility, Areflexia, impairment of bowel and bladder function, saddle anesthesia
Full recovery not typical due to distance need it for axonal a regeneration

Question 17

Central cord syndrome

Answer 17

Incomplete lesion, caused by compression and damage to central part of spinal cord
MOI typically cervical hyper extension
Corticospinal, dorsal columns, spinothalamic
Greater motor deficits and sensory deficits
Upper extremities greater involvement the lower extremities

Question 18

Posterior cord syndrome

Answer 18

Rare syndrome caused by compression of posterior spinal artery
Motor function preserved
Loss of proprioception, two point discrimination, stereognosis